This is an account item that is set up to show the estimated unrecoverable amount of receivables, and acts as a negative factor on the receivables account. Receivables such as notes receivable, accounts receivable, and loans are not necessarily collected in full at the end of the fiscal year. The amount that is estimated to be unrecoverable must be deducted to calculate the actual amount to be collected. In the Financial Instruments Accounting Standards, the balance sheet value of receivables is the amount obtained by deducting the allowance for doubtful accounts calculated based on the estimated amount of doubtful accounts from the acquisition cost. In this case, if the amount of receivables is directly deducted, the original contract amount becomes unclear, so the amount of receivables is left as it is, and an allowance for doubtful accounts account that acts as a negative factor is set up against it, and the actual amount to be collected can be determined by comparing the two. In other words, it is an indirect deduction. In addition to the indirect deduction method, which clearly shows the allowance for doubtful accounts, the amount of receivables can also be shown by direct deduction on the balance sheet. [Toru Miyazaki and Yoshito Nakamura] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
債権に対する回収不能見込額を表すために設定され、債権勘定に対してマイナス要因として作用する勘定科目。受取手形、売掛金、貸付金などの債権は、会計年度末の債権が全額次期以降に回収されるとは限らない。回収不能が見込まれる金額は、これを控除して、実質的な回収額を算定することが必要となる。金融商品会計基準においては、債権の貸借対照表価額は、取得価額から貸倒見積額に基づいて算定された貸倒引当金を控除した金額とするとされている。この場合、債権額から直接減額すると、もとの約定額が不明となることから、債権額をそのままとし、これに対しマイナス要因として作用する貸倒引当金勘定を設け、両者の比較から実質的回収額がわかるようにする。すなわち、間接控除である。なお、貸借対照表上は、貸倒引当金を明示する間接控除法のほか、直接控除による債権額の表示も認められる。 [宮崎 徹・中村義人] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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