Retropharyngeal Space Abscess

Japanese: 咽後膿瘍 - いんごのうよう(英語表記)Retropharyngeal Space Abscess
Retropharyngeal Space Abscess
[What kind of disease is it?]
This is a disease in which bacteria or other substances infect the lymph nodes at the back of the pharyngeal mucosa (the area at the back of the throat), causing an abscess and the accumulation of pus.
In the past, it was thought to be a disease common among young children (between 2 months and 2 years of age), but recently it has also been seen in adults with weakened overall resistance due to immunodeficiency or other conditions (called primary retropharyngeal abscess).
If left untreated, pus will flow into the mediastinum in the lower chest cavity and cause a life-threatening condition called mediastinitis, so it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible.
In adults, it may occur following tuberculous cervical caries (secondary retropharyngeal abscess).
However, with the widespread use of antibiotics and antituberculous drugs, the incidence of retropharyngeal abscesses is declining.
[Cause]
There are lymph nodes on the left and right sides behind the pharyngeal mucosa, which function as regional lymph nodes for the nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, middle ear, etc. These lymph nodes are numerous in young children, but they atrophy as people reach adulthood. In young children who are prone to inflammation of the nose and middle ear, abscesses can form in these lymph nodes.
It can also occur as a result of direct bacterial infection due to trauma or a foreign object in the pharynx.
[Symptoms]
Symptoms in children and adults are slightly different.
The initial symptoms in young children are bad mood, loss of appetite, fever (high fever), and a high-pitched cry. As the inflammation progresses, breathing through the nose becomes difficult, bending the neck becomes difficult, and the child becomes in pain.
In adults, initial symptoms include fever, sore throat, and difficulty eating, and as the inflammation progresses, symptoms such as difficulty opening the mouth, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing occur.
On examination, the posterior pharyngeal wall is hemispherically swollen and feels like a vibration when touched.
[Treatment]
The abscess is surgically drained. If the abscess is localized to the posterior wall of the pharynx or if breathing is difficult, a needle is inserted through the mouth with the head suspended, and the pus is either aspirated or incised and drained.
If the patient's breathing is already poor or if the abscess is thought to have progressed downward, general anesthesia is administered, and after a tracheotomy, an external cervical incision is made to drain the pus.

Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information

Japanese:
[どんな病気か]
 咽頭粘膜(いんとうねんまく)後方(のどのつきあたりの部分)のリンパ節に細菌などが感染して膿瘍ができ、膿汁(のうじゅう)がたまる病気です。
 かつては、幼小児(生後2か月から2歳)に多い病気とされていましたが、最近では、免疫不全(めんえきふぜん)などで全身抵抗力の低下している成人にも発症がみられます(原発性咽後膿瘍(げんぱつせいいんごのうよう))。
 放置すると膿(うみ)が下方の胸腔(きょうくう)にある縦隔(じゅうかく)に流れていき、縦隔炎(じゅうかくえん)という生命にかかわる病気になるので、早く医師の診察を受けることが必要です。
 成人には、結核性頸椎(けっかくせいけいつい)カリエスに続いておこることもあります(続発性咽後膿瘍(ぞくはつせいいんごのうよう))。
 ただし、抗生物質や抗結核薬による治療が普及してきた現在では、咽後膿瘍の発生率は減少傾向にあります。
[原因]
 咽頭粘膜の後方の左右にはリンパ節があり、鼻、副鼻腔(ふくびくう)、咽頭、中耳(ちゅうじ)などの領域リンパ節としてはたらいています。これらのリンパ節は、幼小児期には数が多いのですが、成人になるにしたがって萎縮(いしゅく)していきます。鼻や中耳などの炎症をおこしやすい幼小児では、これらのリンパ節に膿瘍ができることがあります。
 咽頭の外傷や異物などにより直接細菌が感染しておこることもあります。
[症状]
 小児と成人では、症状がやや異なります。
 幼小児の初期症状は、機嫌が悪い、食欲がない、発熱(高熱)などで、泣き声が含み声となります。炎症が進むと、鼻呼吸が障害されたり、くびが曲がりにくくなり、痛がったりします。
 成人は発熱、のどの痛み、食事摂取困難などが初期症状で、炎症が進むと口が開きにくい、しゃべりにくい、呼吸が苦しいなどの症状がおこります。
 診察すると、咽頭後壁が半球状にふくれ、さわると波動が感じられます。
[治療]
 外科的な治療で排膿(はいのう)します。咽頭後壁に膿瘍が限局している場合や呼吸困難がある場合は懸垂頭位(けんすいとうい)で口から針を刺し、膿汁(のうじゅう)を吸引するか、切開・排膿します。
 すでに呼吸状態が悪い場合や、膿瘍が下方に進展していると考えられる場合は、全身麻酔をして、気管切開のあと頸部外切開(けいぶがいせっかい)を行ない、排膿します。

出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報

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