Tibet

Japanese: チベット

An ethnic autonomous region in southwestern China, mainly for Tibetans. In Chinese characters, it is called Xizang. Its abbreviated name is Zang. In ancient times, it was called Tubo. Its capital is Lhasa. Tibetans have long called it four districts: Kham (eastern region, Chamdo area), Wei (central region), Tsang (western region), and Amdo (northeastern region). Kham was not included in the autonomous region, but in 1965 it was officially made an autonomous region, including it. It borders the Himalayas to the south, the Kunlun Mountains to the north, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces to the east, and the Pamir Plateau to the west. It is located on a plateau at an altitude of 4,000 to 7,000 meters, with little precipitation, a cold climate, much wilderness, and small salt lakes and wetlands scattered throughout. In the south, the Yarlung Zuangbo River (also called the Yarlung Zangbo River; the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra River) flows eastward, and agriculture is practiced in the basin, producing wheat, hulless barley, vegetables, and fruits, as well as nomadic sheep, goats, and yaks. Gold, salt, borax, musk, and rhubarb are also produced. Roads connect Lhasa to Darjeeling, Kashmir, Chengdu, and other areas. Since ancient times, Lhasa has been the center of political rule based on Lamaism (Tibetan Buddhism) led by the Dalai Lama, but after the 18th century, it came under the rule of the Qing Dynasty and British forces invaded via India. With this power as a backdrop, after the Xinhai Revolution, China's suzerainty was denied and independence was asserted. In 1950, China sent troops and made an agreement, and in 1951, an autonomous government was established with the Dalai Lama as its head, and Tibet became part of China's territory. However, in 1959, an armed uprising broke out, and the Dalai Lama went into exile. Of China's five ethnic autonomous regions, the Tibet Autonomous Region was established last, in 1965, but of the Tibetan population of over 4.59 million under Chinese rule (1990), the population of the autonomous region was just under 2.63 million, with the remaining 2.5 million people distributed in Tibetan autonomous prefectures and counties in Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Yunnan, and other provinces. After the turmoil caused by the Cultural Revolution that began in 1966, new ethnic policies were adopted in Tibet from the 1980s onwards, but since 1987, Tibetans have been actively protesting against the rule of Han Chinese bureaucrats, mainly in temples. 1,228,400 ^km2 . 3.1 million people (2014). →Tibetan issue → Related topics Simla Conference | Songtsen Gampo | Tibetan [people] | People's Republic of China

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中国南西部，チベット人を中心とする民族自治区。漢字では西蔵。簡称は蔵。古くは吐蕃(とばん)と呼ばれた。主都はラサ。古くからチベット人はカム（東部，チャムド地区），ウェイ（中央部），ツァン（西部），アムド（北東部）の４区に呼び分け，カムは自治区に入っていなかったが，1965年これを含めて正式に自治区とされた。南はヒマラヤ山脈，北は崑崙(こんろん)山脈，東は青海・四川・雲南各省に接し，西はパミール高原に連なる。標高4000〜7000mの高原上にあり，降水量少なく，寒冷で荒野が多く，小塩湖，湿地が点在する。南部にはヤルンズアンボ川（ヤルツァンボ川とも。ブラマプトラ川の上流）が東流し，その流域で農業が行われ，麦類・チンコー（ハダカムギ）・野菜・果物を産するほか，羊・ヤギ・ヤクなどの遊牧が行われる。また金・塩・ホウ砂・麝香(じゃこう)・ダイオウなどを産する。道路はラサを中心にダージリン，カシミール，成都などに通じる。　古くから，ラサを中心としてダライ・ラマによるラマ教（チベット仏教）に基づいた政教支配が続いたが，18世紀以後，清の統治下に入るとともに，インドを経由して英国の勢力が侵入した。その力を背景に辛亥(しんがい)革命後は中国の宗主権を否認，独立を主張した。1950年中国は軍隊を送って協定を結び，1951年ダライ・ラマを首班とする自治政府をつくり，チベットは中国の版図に入ったが，1959年これを不満とする武装蜂起(ほうき)が起こり，ダライ・ラマは亡命した。　中国の五つの民族自治区のうち，チベット自治区は最も遅れて1965年に成立したが，中国支配下の459万人余に及ぶチベット人人口（1990年）のうち，自治区の人口は263万人弱で，残りの約250万人は青海・四川・甘粛・雲南など各省のチベット族自治州・県に分布している。1966年からの文化大革命による混乱をへて1980年代以降新たな民族政策がチベットでは採られたが，漢族官僚による統治に対して1987年以後寺院を中心にチベット人の異議申立てが活発化している。122万8400km²。310万人（2014）。→チベット問題
→関連項目シムラ会議｜ソンツェン・ガンポ｜チベット［人］｜中華人民共和国

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