Earth science is a general term for science that focuses on the Earth. It often refers to natural science that studies the Earth, but it often includes the humanities and also science related to celestial bodies other than the Earth. Thus, the usage of the word Earth science can sometimes vary significantly. The Earth science of the Geographical Society, which was founded at the University of Tokyo in 1883 (Meiji 16), had almost the same meaning as Geology. As a direct translation of the English word Geology, Chigaku is more appropriate than Chishitsugaku. The translation Chigaku was used to mean that Geology does not end with the investigation of the nature of the land. However, the Earth science of the Tokyo Geographical Society, which already existed at that time, included not only natural sciences generally called earth sciences such as geology, geophysics, and geochemistry, but also humanities such as human geography, and had a broader meaning than that of the Geographical Society. Furthermore, the current Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Tokyo's Faculty of Science is a multidisciplinary department consisting of geology, mineralogy, and geography, and many of the Earth Sciences departments at universities in the past also dealt with geology and mineralogy. These often did not include geophysics or geochemistry, but nowadays, as in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, geology and geophysics are often combined. Today's high school Earth Sciences include astronomy in addition to earth science. The study of celestial bodies other than the Earth is a good aid in the study of the Earth. Therefore, it is expected that the concept of Earth Sciences will expand as research in this field progresses. [Toshio Kimura] [Reference items] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地球を対象とする学問を総称して地学という。地球について考究する自然科学をさすことが多いが、しばしば人文科学分野を含み、また地球以外の天体に関する学問をも含める。このように、地学の語の用い方はときに著しく異なる。1883年(明治16)に東京大学に創設された地学会の地学は地質学とほぼ同じ意であった。ジオロジーgeology(地質学)という英語の直訳としては地質学よりも地学のほうがふさわしい。ジオロジーが土地の性質の追究に終わるものでないという意味で地学の訳語が用いられた。しかし一方、そのころにすでにあった東京地学協会の地学は、地質学、地球物理学、地球化学のように一般に地球科学とよばれる自然科学のみならず、人文地理学のような人文科学をも含み、地学会の地学よりも広い意味をもっていた。また、現在の東京大学理学部の地学科は、地質学、鉱物学、地理学からなる複合学科であるし、かつて各大学にあった地学科の多くも地質学、鉱物学を扱っていた。これらは地球物理学や地球化学を含めないことが多かったが、現在では地球惑星学科などのように、地質学、地球物理学などがいっしょになっていることが多い。現在の高校地学は地球科学のほかに天文学をも含めている。地球以外の天体の研究は地球を考究するよい手助けとなる。したがって、この分野の研究の進歩とともに地学の概念も広がっていくとみられる。 [木村敏雄] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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