Dellinger effect

Japanese: デリンジャー現象 - でりんじゃーげんしょう(英語表記)Dellinger effect
Dellinger effect

A phenomenon in which international shortwave radio communication is temporarily cut off. It was named after the American J. H. Dellinger who reported it. It is also called fade out. The interruption of international communication can last from 5 to 10 minutes to several hours. It is caused by a sudden explosion on the surface of the sun called a flare. In other words, the flare generates powerful shortwave radiation and particulate radiation (plasma or solar wind), which stimulates this phenomenon. Among these, shortwave radiation (ultraviolet rays and X-rays below 1000 angstroms) travels at the speed of light of 3×10 5 km/sec, reaches the upper atmosphere of the Earth in about 9 minutes, and disturbs the lower ionosphere (D and E layers). However, in this case, it causes an abnormal increase in electron density in the daytime layer. This layer, especially the D layer, acts as an attenuation for radio waves. The degree of attenuation is inversely proportional to the square of the radio frequency, and the lower the frequency, the greater the attenuation. Therefore, if the electron density increases in the D layer, absorption is significant, and communication lines that use these areas as reflection points for radio waves experience significant radio interference. Moreover, this occurs most notably at low latitudes.

On the other hand, the solar wind travels toward the Earth at a slower speed of 1.4 x 10 3 km/sec, and takes about 26 hours to reach the Earth. Due to the influence of the Earth's magnetic field, it gathers especially in the polar regions, causing the aurora phenomenon and geomagnetic storms on the Earth. This continues for several days, and these phenomena are not limited to the daytime side. Statistically, there is a 27-day period, which roughly corresponds to the 27 days of the Sun's rotation, so when viewed from Earth, the same part of the Sun's face is seen. However, this is when there are few sunspots, and there are also relatively few flares. In general, it is very difficult to predict when flares are intense, i.e. when the Dellinger phenomenon is active.

[Eiji Uchida]

[References] | Geomagnetic variations | Dillinger

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

短波による国際無線通信が一時的に途絶する現象。アメリカのJ・H・デリンジャーが報告したところからこの名がつけられている。フェードアウトfade outともいう。国際通信の途絶は短いときは5~10分、長いときは数時間も続く。これは太陽表面のフレアflareという突発的爆発現象に基因している。すなわち、そのフレアによって強力な短波長放射や微粒子放射(プラズマplasmaまたは太陽風)が発生し、その刺激によってこの現象がおこる。このうち短波長放射(1000オングストローム以下の紫外線やX線)は、光速度3×105km/secで進み、約9分で地球の超高層に達して下部電離層(DおよびE層)を乱す。ただしこの場合、昼間側の層の電子密度の異常増加を引き起こす。そしてこの層、とくにD層は電波に対して減衰を与える役割をなす。その減衰度は電波周波数の二乗に反比例し、低い周波数ほどそれが激しい。したがって、D層で電子密度が増加すれば吸収が著しく、ここを電波の反射点としている通信回線では電波障害が大きい。しかもそれは低緯度で著しくおこる。

 一方、太陽風は地球に向かう速度がより遅く1.4×103km/secで、約26時間ほどで地球に達し、地球磁場の影響でとくに極地方に集まり、オーロラ現象を生じたり、地球の磁気嵐(あらし)を引き起こす。これは数日間は続き、しかもこれらの現象は昼間側に限らない。統計的には27日の周期性があり、太陽の自転の27日とほぼ一致することから、地球から見たときは太陽面の同じところを見ることになる。しかし、これは太陽の黒点数の少ないときのことであり、そのときはフレアも比較的少ない。一般に、フレアの激しいとき、すなわちデリンジャー現象の活発なときの予測は非常に困難である。

[内田英治]

[参照項目] | 地磁気変動 | デリンジャー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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