Law of Superposition of Strata - Chisouruijuu no Hosoku

Japanese: 地層累重の法則 - ちそうるいじゅうのほうそく
Law of Superposition of Strata - Chisouruijuu no Hosoku

A fundamental law in geology that states that when layers of rock are piled up, the upper layers are younger than the lower layers unless the entire layer has been inverted by a later folding or other process. It is also called the law of superposition. All of the fundamental sciences of geochronology, such as stratigraphy and biostratigraphy, are based on this law.

The law of superposition of strata was first clarified by Steno of Denmark in 1669. At that time, the concepts of how rock layers overlap, and the order and age of their formation, were not well understood, but after the discovery of this law, the concept of stratigraphy of strata became clearly understood. This made it possible to clarify the strata in each region and compare the strata of strata in distant regions. Later, W. Smith of England showed that the same species of fossils are found in strata of the same strata, which eventually led to the use of fossils to compare strata. Thus, although this law may seem quite obvious at first glance, it has had a great impact on the development of geology.

[Akihiro Murata]

[References] | Steno | Smith | Stratigraphy | Strata

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

地層が何層にもわたって積み重なっているとき、地層全体が後の褶曲(しゅうきょく)などで逆転していない限り、上位の地層のほうが下位の地層よりも若いという地質学の根本法則。累重の法則ともいう。層序学、生層序学など、地球年代学の基礎となる学問はすべてこの法則に基づいている。

 地層累重の法則はデンマークのステノによって、1669年に初めて明らかにされた。そのころには、まだ地層の重なり方や、地層の形成された順序・時代などについての概念がよく理解されておらず、この法則の発見以後、地層の層序という概念がはっきり理解されるようになった。このことにより、各地域で層序が明らかとなり、また互いに離れた地域での地層の層序を対比することが可能となった。その後、イギリスのW・スミスによって、同じ層準の地層からは同種の化石が産出することが明らかにされ、ひいては化石を利用して地層の対比が行われるに至った。このように、一見きわめて当然にみえる法則であるが、地質学の発展上与えた影響は大きい。

[村田明広]

[参照項目] | ステノ | スミス | 層序学 | 地層

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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