Zhang Xue-liang (English name)

Japanese: 張学良 - ちょうがくりょう（英語表記）Zhang Xue-liang

[Live] Guangxu 27 (1901).6.3. Liaoning, Haicheng
[Died] October 14, 2001. Honolulu. A warlord in northeastern China. The eldest son of Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the Fengtian faction. Graduated from the Dongsansheng Military Academy in 1919, and led a brigade in the Anzhi War of 1920. When Zhang Zuolin was assassinated by the Japanese army in June 1928, he took control of the northeastern region as his successor, and formed an alliance with Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government. On December 29, the Blue Sky, White Sun flag was raised throughout the northeastern region (Yi Banner). After the Manchurian Incident in 1931, he followed the Kuomintang government's policy toward Japan and adopted a non-resistance policy, leaving the northeastern region to the occupation of the Japanese army. During the Red Army's Long March, he was appointed deputy commander of the Northwest Anti-Bandits Division, but he secretly concluded a ceasefire agreement with the Red Army, and in December 1936, when Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Xi'an to encourage the suppression of the Red Army, he was arrested and imprisoned, and a nationwide telegraph was sent out demanding an end to the civil war, the reorganization of the National Government, and the release of political prisoners (Xi'an Incident). With the mediation of Zhou Enlai and others, Chiang Kai-shek agreed to an end to the civil war and to unite in the resistance against Japan, and was released, but Zhang himself was stripped of his official position and sentenced to 10 years in prison. When Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan in 1949, Zhang was also taken away, and was under house arrest until 1990. He was rehabilitated in 1994, and moved to Hawaii in the same year.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]光緒27(1901).6.3. 遼寧，海城
[没]2001.10.14. ホノルル
中国，東北の軍閥。奉天派の領袖張作霖の長男。 1919年東三省武備学堂を卒業し，20年の安直戦争に1旅団を率いて参加。 28年6月張作霖が日本軍により爆殺されると，後継者として東北の実権を掌握，蒋介石の国民政府と提携するにいたり，12月 29日東北全土で青天白日旗を掲揚した (易幟) 。 31年の満州事変以後，国府の対日方針に従って無抵抗主義をとり，東北を日本軍の占領にゆだねた。紅軍の長征に際して西北剿匪副司令に任命されたが，ひそかに紅軍と停戦協定を結び，36年 12月紅軍討伐を督励するため西安に到着した蒋介石を逮捕監禁し，内戦停止，国府改組，政治犯釈放など8項目の主張を全国に通電した (西安事件) 。周恩来らの調停で蒋介石は内戦停止，一致抗日を受入れて釈放されたが，張自身は官職を剥奪され，10年の禁錮刑に処せられた。 49年蒋介石の台湾逃亡に伴い張も連行され，90年まで自宅軟禁状態にあった。 94年名誉回復，同年ハワイに移住した。

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