Topographical map - Chikeizu

Japanese: 地形図 - ちけいず
Topographical map - Chikeizu

A map that shows all natural and man-made things on the earth's surface equally, such as the elevation and relief of the land, rivers and lakes, vegetation, land use, transportation routes, cities and other settlements, is called a general map, and a map with a certain level of detail is called a topographical map. The 1:25,000-scale topographical maps and 1:50,000-scale topographical maps issued by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan are typical examples. On these maps, various objects are shown in considerable detail, although they are selected, generalized (integrated or simplified while preserving the characteristics of their shape and distribution), and displaced (drawn with minimal shifts in position) due to the scale. At large scales such as 1:5,000 or 1:2,500, almost all objects are drawn in their scaled form. In other words, a scale of tens of thousands or more is required to be a topographical map. Topographical maps of 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 scale are called base maps because they cover the entire country with a unified standard and accuracy, and are widely used in various fields. Large-scale topographical maps of 1:5,000 or more are produced mainly for survey and planning purposes by local governments, including the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan's base land maps.

[Gojo Eiji]

"How to Read Topographic Maps" by Takei Masaaki (1988, Sanseido)""An Introduction to the Latest Topographic Maps Using 1:25,000 Maps" by Iozawa Tomoya (1989, Yama-to-Keikoku-sha)""The Latest Topographic Map Book -- From Map Basics to Use" by Omori Yashiro (1991, International Geological Society)""A Guide to Topographic Maps" (1995), compiled and published by the Japan Map Center ▽ "New Edition Contour Work -- The Basics of Topographic Map Study" (1998, Teikoku Shoin) edited by Teikoku Shoin Editorial Department"Official Collection of 1:20,000 Topographic Maps" 8 volumes compiled by the Cartographical Materials Compilation Committee (2001-2003, Kashiwa Shobo)"

[Reference items] | General map | Basic map | National land basic map | Scale | Map

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

土地の高低や起伏、河川や湖沼、植生、土地の利用状況、交通路、都市その他の集落など、地表面上の自然・人工のすべてのものを均等に表現した地図を一般図というが、そのうち、ある程度以上の詳しさをもった地図を地形図という。国土地理院発行の縮尺2万5000分の1の地形図や5万分の1の地形図は、その代表的なものである。そこでは各種の対象物が、縮尺の関係から取捨選択、総描(形や分布の特徴を保持しながら統合や形状の単純化などを行うこと)、転位(位置を最小限ずらして描くこと)などが行われてはいるものの、かなり詳細に表されている。縮尺5000分の1や2500分の1などの大縮尺になると、ほとんどすべての対象物が縮尺化したままの形で描き表される。すなわち、地形図であるためには、数万分の1以上の縮尺が必要である。2万5000分の1や5万分の1の地形図は、国土の全域を統一された規格・精度で覆うもので基本図といわれ、各方面に広く利用されている。5000分の1以上の大縮尺の地形図は、おもに調査・計画用に、国土地理院の国土基本図をはじめとして地方公共団体などでも作成されている。

[五條英司]

『武井正明著『地形図の読み方』(1988・三省堂)』『五百沢智也著『2万5千分の1図による最新地形図入門』(1989・山と渓谷社)』『大森八四郎著『最新地形図の本――地図の基礎から利用まで』(1991・国際地学協会)』『日本地図センター編・刊『地形図の手引き』(1995)』『帝国書院編集部編『新編コンターワーク――地形図学習の基礎』(1998・帝国書院)』『地図資料編纂会編『正式二万分一地形図集成』全8巻(2001~2003・柏書房)』

[参照項目] | 一般図 | 基本図 | 国土基本図 | 縮尺 | 地図

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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