Basilus

Japanese: basileus
Basilus

...The Medonians, or the Medonians, would lead Athens through the Dark Ages, but it seems that significant changes had already taken place in the way the monarchy was run. According to legend, the kingship was divided into three at this time, with the polemarchios as military commander and the archon as political power, while the king (basileus) was given authority over religious rites. These three positions, which formed the origin of the later archonship, were originally held by the Medonians, and their term of office was for life. It is not difficult to imagine that such institutional changes led to the reduction of royal power and the rise of the status of local nobles.

From [Emperor]

…King [Oba Osamu]
[Europe]
The names of rulers of the Ancient Orient (empires) that clearly exceeded the size of kingdoms include, for example, the Old Persian xšāyaoiya xšāyaoiyanam (king of kings, corresponding to, for example, the Greek basileus, basileōn, and the Persian shāhānshāh), but the term emperor as superior to kings, which has been problematic in Europe since the Middle Ages, comes from the Roman Empire. In such cases, the Latin name imperator is used in Romance and Celtic languages, and caesar in Germanic and Baltic-Slavic languages ​​(for the Greek word, see (3) below).

From the trial:

…This suggests that there was a judicial system to settle disputes of this kind, but its contents are entirely unknown. In Greek, the judicial system was called dikē (meaning "judgment" or "justice"), and in Homer the king (basileus), who was both military commander and priest, also functioned as a judge. It must have been such a king who acted as an "istōr" (meaning "one who knows") in the assembly to decide disputes over the payment of compensation for murder. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "basileus" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…メドンの血統をひく人々すなわちメドン家が以後,暗黒時代のアテナイを指導するが,その初期にすでに王政のあり方に重大な変化が生じていたらしい。同じく伝承によれば,このころ王権は三分されて,軍事指揮者としてのポレマルコスpolemarchos,政治の実権を握るアルコンの二つの職が設けられ,王(バシレウスbasileus)には祭祀にかかわる権限が残された。のちのアルコン職の起源をなすこの三つの役職は,当初メドン家によって占められ,任期も終身だったと伝えられるが,このような制度上の変化が,王権の縮小と在地の豪族たちの地位の向上につながったことは想像に難くない。…

【皇帝】より

…王【大庭 脩】
[ヨーロッパ]
 明らかに王国の規模を超えた古代オリエント〈帝国〉の支配者の名称には,たとえば,古代ペルシア語の,xšāyaoiya xšāyaoiyānam(諸王のなかの王。たとえば,ギリシア語のbasileus,basileōn,ペルシア語のshāhānshāhに相当)のようなものがあるが,中世以来ヨーロッパで問題となる,王に優越するものとしての皇帝という名称はローマ帝国に由来する。その場合,ロマンス語およびケルト諸語ではインペラトルimperator,ゲルマン語およびバルト・スラブ語ではカエサルcaesarという,いずれもラテン語の名称が用いられている(ギリシア語については,以下の(3)参照)。…

【裁判】より

…これはこの種の争いに決着をつける裁判制度のあったことを推測させるものであるが,その内容はまったく不明である。ギリシア語で裁判はディケdikē(〈裁決〉〈正義〉の意)と呼ばれ,ホメロスでは軍事指揮者と祭祀主宰者を兼ねる王(バシレウスbasileus)が,裁判者の機能をも兼ねていた。殺人の賠償金の支払をめぐる争いを裁くため,民会agorēにおいて〈審き人istōr〉(〈知っている者〉の意)の職務を行っているのはこのような王であったにちがいない。…

※「basileus」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

<<:  Basilica Aemilia (English spelling)

>>:  Basileides (English spelling)

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