Also called a three-dimensional model. A three-dimensional representation of part of the surface of the earth or another celestial body. A representation of the natural and human landscape of the earth is sometimes called a topographic model in the narrow sense. In a model, the height is exaggerated compared to the horizontal scale. The exaggeration rate is expressed as the ratio of the height scale divided by the horizontal scale, and is called the vertical magnification rate. A topographic model is made by pasting a map with contour lines onto cardboard or plywood, cutting out the contour lines, and stacking them. A plaster model can be made from the master model made in this way. Plastic models can then be made from the master model made in this way by heating and vacuum forming plastic sheets, making it possible to produce large quantities in a short period of time at relatively low cost. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
立体模型ともいう。地表または他の天体表面の一部を立体模型に表わしたもの。地上の自然および人文景観を表わしたものを狭義の地形模型 topographic modelということもある。模型では水平方向の縮尺に対し,高さを誇張して表わしてある。その誇張率は高さの縮尺を水平方向の縮尺で割った比で表わし,垂直拡大率という。地形模型の作成は,等高線入り地図を厚紙かベニヤ板の上にはり,等高線ごとに切抜いて,はり重ねてつくる。そのようにしてつくった原型から石膏模型を型どりしてつくることができる。さらにそうしてつくった母型から,プラスチックシートを加熱真空成形してプラスチック模型をつくり,大量を短期間に比較的安く生産できるようになった。
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