[What kind of disease is it?] It is a disease in which pus accumulates in a localized area of the liver, and there may be only one abscess (single abscess) or multiple abscesses (multiple abscesses). The causes are pyogenic liver abscess caused by bacterial infection and amebic liver abscess caused by infection with the amebic protozoan dysentery. ■ Pyogenic liver abscess The three main symptoms are fever, right upper abdominal pain, and hepatomegaly (swelling of the liver). Night sweats, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, and anemia may also occur. Liver abscesses near the diaphragm can cause chest pain and difficulty breathing, so they can easily be mistaken for lung disease. Causes: It is caused by bacterial infection, most commonly E. coli. In the past, liver abscesses (hematogenous) were common, caused by bacteria that cause appendicitis traveling through the bloodstream to the liver, but this has now decreased, and biliary tract infections are on the rise. In addition, there are many cases that occur secondary to sepsis, and idiopathic cases where the route of infection is unknown. In addition, cases of biliary tract infection tend to result in multiple abscesses, while cases of hematogenous and idiopathic infection tend to result in a single abscess in the right lobe of the liver. ● Tests and diagnosis Signs of inflammation such as an increase in white blood cells accompanying bacterial infection, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and positive CRP (positive C-reactive protein test result), as well as elevated blood levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-GTP (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase), LAP (leucine aminopeptidase), etc., which indicate bile stasis, are signs of liver dysfunction. Ultrasound is simple and very useful for diagnosis. CT and MRI scans are also performed. To identify the causative bacteria, cultures of the pus from the abscess and blood are required. Treatment Antibiotics are used, and a thin tube is inserted into the abscess while viewing images of the abdomen with ultrasound to drain the pus from the body. If these treatments are insufficient, surgery is performed. ■ Dysentery Amoebic liver abscess It is similar to a suppurating abscess, but symptoms may include diarrhea or bloody stools, and symptoms may be mild, or may not be discovered until several years after infection. Causes: Dysentery occurs when the ameba protozoa in the large intestine are carried to the liver via the bloodstream (hematogenous), causing a single abscess to form mainly in the right lobe of the liver. Amoebic dysentery was once commonly contracted during travel to tropical regions, but this has now decreased and is increasingly being transmitted among homosexual men. ● Testing and diagnosis A diagnosis can be made if anti-ameba antibodies in the blood are positive and the presence of protozoa is confirmed by examining stool and pus under a microscope. Amebic pus is odorless and reddish-brown in color, resembling anchovy sauce, so the diagnosis can be made at a glance. Treatment: Antiprotozoan drugs are taken orally. During your stay or travel to infected areas such as Southeast Asia, you should avoid drinking untreated water as well as eating fruits and vegetables that have been washed with untreated water. Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information |
[どんな病気か] 肝臓(かんぞう)の局所に膿(うみ)が貯留(ちょりゅう)する病気で、膿が溜(た)まった膿瘍(のうよう)は1つだけ(単発性(たんぱつせい))のことも、多数できる(多発性(たはつせい))こともあります。原因としては、細菌の感染による化膿性肝膿瘍(かのうせいかんのうよう)と、赤痢(せきり)アメーバ原虫(げんちゅう)の感染による赤痢(せきり)アメーバ性肝膿瘍(せいかんのうよう)とがあります。 ■化膿性肝膿瘍(かのうせいかんのうよう) 発熱、右上腹部痛、肝腫大(かんしゅだい)(肝臓の腫(は)れ)が三大症状です。夜間の発汗(はっかん)、倦怠感(けんたいかん)、食欲不振、体重減少、貧血(ひんけつ)がおこることもあります。 横隔膜(おうかくまく)近くの肝膿瘍では、胸痛(きょうつう)や呼吸困難をおこすため、肺疾患とまちがいやすいものです。 ●原因 細菌感染が原因で、大腸菌(だいちょうきん)によるものがもっとも多くみられます。以前は虫垂炎(ちゅうすいえん)の原因菌が血流にのって肝臓に達し発生する肝膿瘍(血行性(けっこうせい))が多かったのですが、現在は減少して、胆道感染(たんどうかんせん)によるものが増えています。 また、敗血症(はいけつしょう)に続発しておこるもの、感染経路が不明の特発性のものも多くみられます。 なお、胆道感染では多発性の膿瘍が、血行性および特発性では肝臓の右葉(うよう)におこる単発性の膿瘍が多くみられます。 ●検査・診断 細菌感染にともなう白血球(はっけっきゅう)の増加、血沈(けっちん)の亢進(こうしん)、CRP陽性(C反応性たんぱく試験の結果が陽性)などの炎症所見、また、胆汁(たんじゅう)のうっ滞(たい)を示すアルカリホスファターゼ(ALP)、γ‐GTP(ガンマ‐グルタミルトランスペプチダーゼ)、LAP(ロイシン・アミノペプチダーゼ)などの血中濃度が上昇するなどの肝機能障害(かんきのうしょうがい)を示します。 超音波検査は簡便なうえ、診断に非常に役立ちます。CT検査やMRI検査も行なわれます。 原因菌の検索には膿瘍内の膿汁(のうじゅう)や血液の培養(ばいよう)が必要になります。 ●治療 抗生物質の使用と、超音波で腹部の画像を見ながら細い管を膿瘍部に挿入(そうにゅう)し、膿汁を体外へ排出する排膿法(はいのうほう)が行なわれます。これらで不十分な場合には手術が行なわれます。 ■赤痢(せきり)アメーバ性肝膿瘍(せいかんのうよう) 化膿性膿瘍と似ていますが、下痢(げり)や血便(けつべん)があったり、症状が軽い場合や、感染後数年以上たってから見つかることもあります。 ●原因 大腸内の赤痢(せきり)アメーバ原虫(げんちゅう)が血流にのって肝臓に運ばれることでおこり(血行性(けっこうせい))、おもに肝臓の右葉に単発性の膿瘍ができます。 アメーバ赤痢は、以前は熱帯地方への旅行中に感染することが多かったのですが、現在は減少し、男性の同性愛者間の感染が増加しています。 ●検査・診断 血中の抗アメーバ抗体(こうたい)が陽性で、便・膿汁を顕微鏡で調べて原虫の存在が確認できれば診断がつきます。アメーバ性膿汁の特徴は、無臭で、赤褐色をしたアンチョビソース状のため、一見して診断がつきます。 ●治療 抗原虫薬(こうげんちゅうやく)を内服します。東南アジアなどの感染汚染地への旅行中や滞在中には、生水(なまみず)の摂取(せっしゅ)はもちろん、生水で洗った果物・野菜類の摂取も避けたほうがよいでしょう。 出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報 |
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