Area studies

Japanese: 地域研究 - ちいきけんきゅう(英語表記)area studies
Area studies

Although it is the study of regional issues in a broad sense, it was originally positioned as a field of geography. However, as research on international relations began to gain momentum in the 1930s, there was a demand for regional studies that went beyond geography, and research was promoted to seek specific and specialized information on the history, politics, economy, social systems, culture, etc. of regions and nations based on an international perspective. Regional studies, which have a mutually complementary relationship with international relations, made great strides in the United States from the 1930s to World War II, and regional studies organizations were established at many universities, including the Institute of Japanese Studies at the University of Michigan. Since then, regional studies based on interdisciplinary research have become popular, mainly in developed countries. As a result, the "individual" aspects of certain regions (or countries) have been recognized, and theories of world order and international relations based on this are being constructed. In Japan, too, there are active university and government-affiliated regional studies organizations. In recent years, however, in light of the fact that many universities have established faculties and departments that focus on international relations, it can be said that regional studies in Japan must further develop based on unique perspectives and information gathering in order to complement these.

[Aoki Kazuyoshi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

広義でとらえれば地域問題の研究であるが、本来は地理学の一分野として位置づけられていた。しかし、1930年代に国際関係論研究が促進されてくると、地理学を超えた形での地域研究が要請され、国際的視野に基づく地域および国家に関する歴史、政治、経済、社会制度、文化などの具体的かつ専門的情報を求めるための研究が推進された。国際関係論と相互補完関係にたつ地域研究は、30年代から第二次世界大戦にかけてアメリカで飛躍的に発展し、ミシガン大学の日本研究所をはじめとして多くの大学で地域研究組織が設立された。爾来(じらい)、今日に至るまで、おもに先進諸国において学際的研究を基盤とした地域研究が盛んに行われるようになっている。その結果、一定地域(あるいは国)の「個性」的側面が認識され、それに基づく世界秩序論や国際関係論が構築されつつある。日本においても大学や政府系の地域研究組織が活動しているが、近年、諸大学で国際関係論を主とする学部・学科が設立されているのにかんがみれば、それを補完する意味でも日本における地域研究は独特の視点と情報収集に基づきなおいっそうの進展を図らねばならないといえよう。

[青木一能]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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