Drake, Sir Francis

Japanese: ドレーク（英語表記）Drake， Sir Francis

Born: circa 1543, Devonshire
Died January 28, 1596. British pirate and naval officer off the coast of Porto Velho. After training on coastal shipping, from 1566 he ravaged the Gulf of Mexico as the captain of a pirate ship under J. Hawkins, and in 1572 he attacked Spanish colonies in the West Indies, returning home the following year with a large amount of plunder. In December 1577 he set out on a circumnavigation of the world with a fleet of five ships, sailing south along South America, passing through the Strait of Magellan, and discovering the Drake Passage. He sailed north along the Pacific Ocean, Chile, and Peru, sailing north to about 48° north latitude, crossing the Pacific Ocean, passing through the Maluku Islands and the Cape of Good Hope, and returning to Plymouth in September 1580, becoming the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world. The following year he was knighted by Elizabeth I. In 1585 he set out to sea again and attacked Spanish ships in the Caribbean. In 887, he attacked the Spanish fleet in the Bay of Cadiz, and the following year, as second in command, he contributed to the defeat of the Spanish Armada. In 95, he and Hawkins again went to attack Spanish colonies in the West Indies, where he died.

Drake
Drake, Edwin Laurentine

Born: March 29, 1819, Greenville
[Died] November 8, 1880, Bethlehem American oil driller. Joined an oil company in 1858 and devoted himself to well drilling. The following year, he succeeded in drilling an oil well near Titusville, Pennsylvania, using the rope-drilling well drilling method, laying the foundation for the subsequent development of the oil industry. He then expanded into the distribution business as an oil broker, but it did not go well, and he died in disappointment as a businessman.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1543頃.デボンシャー
[没]1596.1.28. ポルトベリョ沖
イギリスの海賊，海軍軍人。沿岸航路で習練後，1566年以降 J.ホーキンズ配下の海賊船船長としてメキシコ湾を荒し，72年西インド諸島のスペイン植民地を襲撃，多くの略奪品をもって翌年帰国。 77年 12月5隻の船隊を率いて世界周航に出発，南アメリカ沿いに南下，マゼラン海峡を通り，ドレーク海峡を見出す。太平洋をチリ，ペルー沿いに北航し，北緯 48°あたりまで北上，太平洋を横切り，モルッカ諸島，喜望峰を経て，80年9月プリマスに帰還，イギリス人として初めての世界周航を成就。翌年エリザベス1世からナイト爵を授与された。 85年また海に出てカリブ海のスペイン船を攻撃。 87年にはカディス湾のスペイン艦隊を襲い，翌年無敵艦隊の来襲の際には副司令官としてその撃破に貢献。 95年ホーキンズとともに再び西インド諸島のスペイン植民地攻撃におもむいて死去。

ドレーク
Drake， Edwin Laurentine

[生]1819.3.29. グリーンビル
[没]1880.11.8. ベスレヘム
アメリカの石油掘削者。 1858年石油会社に入社，削井の仕事に没頭し，翌年ペンシルバニア州タイタスビル近郊において綱掘式削井法による石油井戸掘削に成功，以後の石油工業発展の基礎をつくった。その後，石油の仲買人として流通業に手を広げたが，うまくいかず，事業家としては失意のうちに没した。

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