House of Hohenzollern (English: Hohenzollern German)

Japanese: ホーエンツォレルン家 - ほーえんつぉれるんけ(英語表記)Hohenzollern ドイツ語
House of Hohenzollern (English: Hohenzollern German)

The family of Prussian kings and German emperors. Its origins lie in the noble family of Zollern in southwestern Germany (Swabia), which was appointed as the burgrave of Nuremberg in 1192 and gained influence in the Franconia region. Around 1214, it split into the Swabian and Franconian branches. The former branch further split into the Hechingen and Sigmaringen branches, both of which were German princes until the 19th century, but in 1849, both branches handed over their territorial sovereignty to the Prussian branch, which had developed from the Franconian branch. On the other hand, the Franconian branch, as the burgrave of Nuremberg, also held Ansbach and Bayreuth, but in 1415, Frederick I of the family was appointed as the margrave and elector of Brandenburg (he was granted the title in 1417), and a new Brandenburg-based House of Hohenzollern was founded. Albrecht, also of Franconian descent, was elected Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights in 1511, but in 1525 he carried out a religious reform and became Duke of Prussia. After his death, his son-in-law, Elector of Brandenburg Johann Sigismund, inherited the Duchy of Prussia in 1618, and Brandenburg and Prussia were unified under the House of Hohenzollern. The family obtained the Prussian throne under Frederick III (I as King) in 1701, and the German Emperor under Wilhelm I in 1871, but the history of the House of Hohenzollern as a monarchical family came to an end in November 1918 when the last Emperor, Wilhelm II, abdicated due to a revolution.

[Eihachiro Sakai]

[Reference] | Kingdom of Prussia
House of Hohenzollern / Brief family tree
©Shogakukan ">

House of Hohenzollern / Brief family tree


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

プロイセン国王、ドイツ皇帝の家門。源流は西南ドイツ(シュワーベン地方)の貴族ツォレルン家で、同家は1192年ニュルンベルク城伯に封ぜられてフランケン地方にも勢力を得た。1214年ごろシュワーベン系とフランケン系に分かれる。前者はさらにヘッヒンゲン家とジグマリンゲン家に分かれ、ともに19世紀までドイツ諸侯に列したが、1849年に両家ともその領邦主権をフランケン系から発展したプロイセン系に移譲した。他方フランケン系はニュルンベルク城伯としてさらにアンスバハとバイロイトを領したが、1415年に同家のフリードリヒ1世がブランデンブルク辺境伯および選帝侯に任ぜられて(授封は1417年)、新たにブランデンブルク系ホーエンツォレルン家が創始される。なお、同じフランケン系のアルブレヒトが1511年にドイツ騎士団長に選ばれるが、彼は25年宗教改革を行ってプロイセン公となった。彼の死後1618年に義子のブランデンブルク選帝侯ヨハン・ジギスムントがプロイセン公国を相続し、ブランデンブルクとプロイセンがホーエンツォレルン家の下に統合される。同家はフリードリヒ3世(国王としては1世)の代にプロイセン国王位を得(1701)、ウィルヘルム1世の代にドイツ皇帝位を得た(1871)が、1918年11月最後の皇帝ウィルヘルム2世が革命により退位して、君主の家門としてのホーエンツォレルン家の歴史は終わる。

[坂井榮八郎]

[参照項目] | プロイセン王国
ホーエンツォレルン家/略系図
©Shogakukan">

ホーエンツォレルン家/略系図


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