Fracture zone

Japanese: 断裂帯 - だんれつたい
Fracture zone

An area where the seafloor topography is significantly discontinuous. When looking at a bathymetric map, there are places where the seafloor appears to be cut or dislocated; this is the area referred to. A fracture zone is a type of large fault, but its origin is completely different from that of a normal strike-slip fault. It is thought that a crack that started at right angles to the axial valley of the mid-ocean ridge grew along with the spreading of the seafloor.

The fracture zones seen in the eastern Pacific Ocean are linear and extend for 2,000 to 3,000 kilometers, with many of them running parallel to each other at roughly equal intervals in an east-west direction, and on the seafloor between them there are steps of several hundred meters from north to south, with some places forming undersea cliffs with a difference in height of 2,000 to 3,000 meters. The amount of horizontal displacement is estimated to reach several hundred kilometers based on the stripes in the geomagnetic field. Large-scale fracture zones are common in the eastern Pacific Ocean, but similar structures exist in other places.

[Mamoru Katsumata]

[Reference] | Submarine topography | Transform fault

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

海底地形が著しく不連続になっている所。海底地形図をみると、所々で海底が切断されたり、食い違ったりしているようにみえる場所があるが、こうした地帯をいう。断裂帯は一種の大断層であるが、成因は通常の横ずれ断層とまったく異なる。これは、海嶺(かいれい)の中軸谷と直角方向に生じた亀裂(きれつ)が、海洋底拡大とともに成長したものと考えられる。

 東部太平洋でみられる断裂帯は2000~3000キロメートルにわたり直線的で、東西方向にほぼ等間隔で何本も並行して走っており、それらを境に海底に南北で数百メートルの段差がみられ、比高2000~3000メートルに及ぶ海底崖(がい)をなしている所もある。水平方向のずれの量は、地磁気の縞(しま)模様などから数百キロメートルに達すると推定される。大規模な断裂帯は東部太平洋に多くみられるが、同様な構造は各地に存在している。

[勝又 護]

[参照項目] | 海底地形 | トランスフォーム断層

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