Mandalay is the central city of Mandalay Division in central Myanmar (Burma). It is located on the east bank of the Irrawaddy River, where the middle course of the river turns west, and a little upstream from where it joins the Myitge River. It has a population of 1,147,400 (2003 estimate). It is the second largest city after the former capital Yangon (Rangoon), and is the political, economic, and cultural center of central Myanmar. It has traditional industries of silk weaving, gold and silver jewelry, and wood carving, and modern industries such as beer brewing and tea manufacturing. The Zegyoh Market in the west of the city, near the Shweta Canal, attracts Shan and Kachin people from far away, and trade is thriving. It also has a university, museums, and other educational facilities. It is also the center of central Myanmar in terms of transportation networks such as railroads, roads, rivers, and air routes, and is well connected to Yangon. Construction began in 1857 by King Mindon of the Konbaung dynasty, and it was the last capital of that dynasty from 1860 to 1885. There used to be a square royal palace with a circumference of 8 km, but it was heavily damaged during World War II, and only the city walls and the outer moat remain. The city is laid out in a regular grid pattern, and the view from the Mandalay Hills to the north is magnificent. There are many historical sites and famous places such as Mahamuni Pagoda, Kuthod Pagoda, and Shwenandaw Monastery. [Toshiaki Sakai] historyIt was the capital of the late Konbaung dynasty of Burma. Construction of the royal palace began in February 1857 by order of King Mindon (reigned 1853-1878) and was completed in July 1858. Construction of the city area began in May 1859 and was completed in June 1874. Since 1860, it has been the political, economic and cultural center of Upper Burma. As part of the king's policy of promoting industry, a coin mint was built within the palace, and a cotton textile factory and a glass factory were built nearby. However, on November 28, 1885, during the reign of King Thibaw (reigned 1878-1885), it was occupied by the British Army, and it lost its function as a capital after that. Under British rule, the city was developed, and barracks and headquarters were rebuilt within the moat, and it came to be called Fort Dufferin. The royal castle itself was burned down during the war by the Japanese army in 1945. [Ito Toshikatsu] [Reference] |A temple located northeast of the old royal palace. There are more than 700 small pagodas in the temple grounds. Mandalay, Myanmar ©Shogakukan "> Kuthod Pagoda Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ミャンマー(ビルマ)中部、マンダレー管区の中心都市。イラワディ川中流流路が西に折れる所、ミツゲー川との合流のやや上流の東岸にある。人口114万7400(2003推計)。かつての首都ヤンゴン(ラングーン)に次ぐ第二の都市で、中部ミャンマーの政治、経済、文化の中心地。絹織物、金銀宝飾細工、木彫の伝統工業があり、ビール醸造、製茶など近代的工業も立地する。市の西部、シュウェタ運河に近いゼージョ・マーケットには、遠くからシャン人やカチン人も集まってきて、取引が盛んである。大学、博物館など文教施設も整っている。また鉄道、道路、河川交通、航空路のいずれの交通網においても中部ミャンマーの中心で、ヤンゴンとの連絡もよい。1857年、コンバウン朝のミンドン王によって建設が開始され、1860~1885年の間、同王朝の最後の首都であった。周囲8キロメートルの正方形の王城があったが、第二次世界大戦中に大きな破壊を受け、城壁と外堀だけが残っている。市街地は規則正しい碁盤目状にくぎられ、北のマンダレー丘陵からの展望はみごとである。マハームニ・パゴダ、クトード・パゴダ、シュウェナンドー僧院など史跡や名所が多い。 [酒井敏明] 歴史ビルマのコンバウン王朝後期の首都で、ミンドン王(在位1853~1878)の詔(みことのり)によって、1857年2月王城の建設を開始し、1858年7月に竣工(しゅんこう)。ついで市街地の建設が1859年5月に着手され、1874年6月に完成した。1860年から上ビルマの政治、経済、文化の中心となった。王の殖産興業策により王城内に貨幣鋳造工場、付近には綿織物工場、ガラス工場なども建設された。しかし、ティーボー王(在位1878~1885)の1885年11月28日、イギリス軍によって占領され、以後首都としての機能は失われた。イギリス領下、街は整備され、堀割内には兵舎や司令部が改築され、ダッファリン砦(とりで)Fort Dufferinとよばれるようになった。王城そのものは、1945年日本軍による戦禍のなかで焼失した。 [伊東利勝] [参照項目] |旧王城の北東に位置する寺院。境内には700を超える小仏塔がある。ミャンマー マンダレー©Shogakukan"> クトード・パゴダ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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