Barium carbonate. It occurs naturally as witherite. It precipitates when carbon dioxide is passed through an aqueous solution of barium hydroxide, or when an aqueous solution of barium salts is added with an alkali carbonate. In industry, it is produced by reducing barite BaSO4 with carbon at 600-800°C to produce barium sulfide, and then passing carbon dioxide through the resulting hot aqueous solution. It is usually a colorless orthorhombic crystal, but there are two other forms: amorphous and hexagonal. It is practically insoluble in water. It decomposes in acid to produce carbon dioxide. It dissolves as barium bicarbonate in water containing carbon dioxide. It is less susceptible to thermal decomposition than calcium carbonate. It is used as a raw material for barium salts, crystal glass, and optical glass, as well as in glazes for ceramics and enamel, as a carburizing agent for metal heat treatment, and as an insecticide and rodenticide. It is toxic. [Torii Yasuo] [Supplementary Material] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
炭酸のバリウム塩。天然には毒重石(どくじゅうせき)として産する。水酸化バリウムの水溶液に二酸化炭素を通じるか、バリウム塩の水溶液に炭酸アルカリを加えると沈殿してくる。工業的には、重晶石BaSO4を600~800℃で炭素で還元して硫化バリウムとし、その熱水溶液に二酸化炭素を通じて製造する。普通は無色の斜方晶系の結晶であるが、ほかに非晶質と六方晶系結晶の二変態がある。水にはほとんど溶けない。酸によって分解して二酸化炭素を発生する。二酸化炭素を含む水には炭酸水素バリウムとなって溶ける。炭酸カルシウムに比べ熱分解しにくい。バリウム塩やクリスタルガラス、光学ガラスの原料となるほか、陶磁器やほうろうのうわぐすり、金属熱処理の浸炭剤、殺虫剤や殺鼠(さっそ)剤に用いられる。有毒。 [鳥居泰男] [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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