When an independently existing atom, molecule, or ion is in its most stable electronic energy state (ground state), it is the energy required to remove (ionize) one electron in the highest energy level from the atom or other object to an infinitely far distance. If this energy is I , the atom or other object is M, and the electron is e- , then: The ionization energy of an atom is governed by the outermost electron configuration and the effective nuclear charge, so there is a periodic relationship between the atomic number and the ionization energy. The first ionization energy is small for alkali metals, which tend to become monovalent cations, and large for rare gases (noble gases) and halogens, which tend not to become cations. The quantity of ionization energy expressed in electron volts is sometimes called the ionization potential, ionization potential, or ionization voltage, and the quantity expressed in cal/mol is sometimes called the heat of ionization. [Iwamoto Shinbu] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
独立に存在する原子、分子、あるいはイオンがもっとも安定な電子エネルギー状態(基底状態)にあるとき、それらのなかでもっとも高いエネルギー準位にある電子1個を原子などから無限に遠い距離まで引き離す(イオン化する)のに要するエネルギー。そのエネルギーをI、原子などをM、電子をe-とするとき、 原子のイオン化エネルギーは最外殻電子配置と有効核電荷によって支配されるので、原子番号とイオン化エネルギーとの間には周期的関係がある。第1イオン化エネルギーをみると、1価陽イオンになりやすいアルカリ金属などでは小さな値になり、陽イオンになりにくい希ガス(貴ガス)やハロゲンでは大きな値になっている。イオン化エネルギーの値を電子ボルト単位で表した量はイオン化ポテンシャルあるいはイオン化電位、イオン化電圧とよばれ、またcal/mol単位で表した量はイオン化熱とよばれることがある。 [岩本振武] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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