Carbonic acid (English spelling)

Japanese: 炭酸 - たんさん(英語表記)carbonic acid
Carbonic acid (English spelling)

An acid produced when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. Its chemical formula is H2CO3 and its weight is 62.03. It is known only as an aqueous solution. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water at 25°C and 1 atm, a 0.033 molar solution is obtained, with a pH of about 4. This is because the dissolved carbon dioxide produces a weak acid called carbonic acid in the aqueous solution according to the following equilibrium:

CO2 + H2OH2CO3
It is generally believed that all dissolved carbon dioxide produces carbonic acid molecules, H2CO3 , which then undergo two-stage ionization as a weak dibasic acid:

H2CO3H + + HCO3-
K1 = 4.16 x 10-7
HCO3 - H + + CO32-
K2 = 4.84 x 10-11
Here, K 1 is the first ionization constant and K 2 is the second ionization constant. However, in reality, only less than 1% of the dissolved carbon dioxide produces H 2 CO 3 , and most exists as weakly hydrated CO 2. Therefore, the above equilibrium constant, which was calculated assuming that 100% of the dissolved CO 2 becomes H 2 CO 3 and this ionizes to produce hydrogen ions, cannot be considered to be the true ionization constant of carbonic acid. The value of K 1 calculated assuming that less than 1% of the dissolved CO 2 becomes H 2 CO 3 and this ionizes, is about 2×10 -4 , which means that carbonic acid is actually a stronger acid than acetic acid. Furthermore, it is known that the rate at which carbon dioxide dissolves in water and reaches the hydration equilibrium is slow. The carbonate ion CO 3 2- has a planar structure of an equilateral triangle with the carbon atom at the center.


Water saturated with carbon dioxide at several atmospheres of pressure, i.e. carbonated water, is called soda water and has a long history as a soft drink.

[Kenichi Morinaga]

[References] | Carbonates | Carbonated water | Carbon dioxide

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

二酸化炭素が水に溶けて生じる酸。化学式H2CO3、式量62.03。水溶液としてだけ知られている。25℃、1気圧で二酸化炭素が水に溶けると0.033モル溶液が得られ、そのpHは4ぐらいとなる。これは、溶けた二酸化炭素が水溶液中で次の平衡により、炭酸という弱酸を生じたためである。

  CO2+H2OH2CO3
普通は、溶けた二酸化炭素がすべて炭酸の分子H2CO3を生じ、これが弱い二塩基酸として次のような二段の電離をしているものと考えられている。

  H2CO3H++HCO3-
   K1=4.16×10-7
  HCO3-H++CO32-
   K2=4.84×10-11
ここでK1は第一電離定数、K2は第二電離定数。しかし、実際は溶けた二酸化炭素の1%足らずがH2CO3を生じているにすぎず、大部分は弱く水和したCO2として存在している。したがって、溶けたCO2が100%H2CO3となり、これが電離して水素イオンを生じたものとして求めた先の平衡定数は、炭酸の真の電離定数とは考えられない。溶けたCO2の1%足らずがH2CO3となり、これが電離したものとして求めたK1の値は約2×10-4となり、炭酸が本当は酢酸よりむしろ強い酸ということになる。さらに、二酸化炭素が水に溶けて水和の平衡に達する速度が遅いことが知られている。炭酸イオンCO32-は炭素原子を中心とする正三角形の平面構造をしている。


数気圧で二酸化炭素を飽和させた水、すなわち炭酸水はソーダ水とよばれ、清涼飲料としての歴史は古い。

[守永健一]

[参照項目] | 炭酸塩 | 炭酸水 | 二酸化炭素

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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