A desert stretching from the northwestern tip of India, the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Haryana to the Pakistan border. It is also called the Great Indian Desert. It borders the Aravalli Mountains to the east and the Indus River to the west. It is made up of steppe (short grass grassland) with an annual rainfall of less than 500 mm, and desert climate areas with an annual rainfall of less than 250 mm. The area has a low relief, with 63% of it covered by sand dunes. In the steppe region, irrigation by river water and groundwater has developed on the alluvial land, and arable land with millet and beans as main crops spreads. Transportation is also well developed, and cities such as Hisar and Jodhpur are located, with rural settlements called dhani scattered around. On the other hand, the desert region has cities such as Jaisalmer and Bikaner, but is sparsely populated, and vertical sand dunes up to 60 meters high running from northeast to southwest are prominent. There are many salt lakes, including Sambhar Lake, which is a salt production area, and the underground resources are abundant, such as lime, lead, zinc, marble, and stone. The Rajasthan Irrigation Canal (Indira Gandhi Canal) was built near the Pakistan border, drawing water from the Himalayas. [Toshiro Naruse] [References] | | | | | | |A desert stretching across the border between India and Pakistan. It receives a lot of rain and has rural scenery. Sand dunes begin in a nearby wadi (dried river). Near Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India © Yoshihiko Akagi "> Thar Desert (Great Indian Desert) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インド北西端、グジャラート、ラージャスターン、ハリアナ各州からパキスタン国境に広がる砂漠。大インド砂漠Great Indian Desertともいう。東はアラバリ山脈、西はインダス川に接する。年降水量500ミリメートル以下のステップ(短草草原)と、250ミリメートル以下の砂漠気候地域からなる。全体に起伏が小さく、63%が砂丘に覆われる。ステップ地域には沖積地に河川水と地下水による灌漑(かんがい)が発達し、キビ、豆類を主作物とする耕地が広がり、交通も発達し、ヒサール、ジョドプルなどの都市があり、周辺にはダニとよばれる農村集落が点在する。一方、砂漠地域には、ジャイサルメルやビカネールなどの都市もあるが、人口希薄地で、北東―南西方向の最高60メートルの縦列砂丘が顕著である。サンバール湖をはじめ塩湖が多く、塩の生産地となり、地下資源は石灰、鉛、亜鉛、大理石、石材などが豊富である。パキスタン国境近くには、ヒマラヤの水を引くラージャスターン灌漑用水路(インディラ・ガンディー運河)が建設された。 [成瀬敏郎] [参照項目] | | | | | | |インドとパキスタンの国境に広がる砂漠。降水量が多く、農村風景も見られる。近くのワジ(涸れ川)から砂丘が始まっている。インド ラージャスターン州ジョドプル近郊©赤木祥彦"> タール砂漠(大インド砂漠) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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