A rule (custom) based on courtesy, goodwill, or convenience in the international community. It can be a formal matter, such as a congratulatory address from another head of state when the new head of state takes office, or a mutual salute between warships of different countries that encounter each other on the high seas, or it can be a substantive matter, as seen in the custom of handing over criminals as a goodwill gesture, even though it is not a legal obligation unless regulated by a treaty between the countries involved. International comity differs from international law in that a state is not held responsible for a violation as an illegal act, but it acts as a lubricant to smooth relations between nations. Some things that were once international comity have developed legal beliefs and have been transformed into international law. Diplomatic immunity is a typical example. [Hisashi Uchida] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国際社会における儀礼、好意または便宜に基づく規則(習俗)。国家元首の就任に際し他国の元首が祝辞を呈したり、公海上で遭遇した異なる国の軍艦が相互に敬礼を交わすなど形式的事項に関することもあれば、犯罪人の引渡しは関係国の条約によって規制されなければ法的義務でないが、好意的に引き渡す習わしになっていることにみられるように実質的事項に関することもある。国際礼譲は国際法と異なり、違反しても違法行為として国家責任を追及されることはないが、国家間の交際を円滑にするための潤滑油的な働きをしている。かつては国際礼譲であったが、法的信念が醸成され、国際法に転化したものもある。外交特権はその代表的事例である。 [内田久司] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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