The capital of Zhambyl (Dzhambul) Oblast, located in the southern part of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Central Asia. Formerly known as Aulie-Ata. Population 330,100 (1999), 357,793 (2019 estimate). Close to the border with neighboring Kyrgyzstan, 250 km east of Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, and 250 km southwest of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. Center of an oasis on the alluvial fan of the Talas River. The Turkistan-Siberian Railway runs through it. In 1864, it came under Russian control, and livestock were only raised and traded there, but after the Russian Revolution (1917), chemical industries (superphosphate), light industries (wool, leather, beer brewing), and machinery manufacturing and repair industries rapidly developed. It also has one of Central Asia's leading sugar refineries. The city was already known as Talas in the 7th century, and became the capital of the Kara-Khanid dynasty in the 11th and 12th centuries. Temples and mausoleums from that time still remain, making it a valuable architectural site. Until 1936, it was called Aul-e-Ata, and from 1936 to 1938, Mirzoyan, but was renamed Dzhambul in honor of the Kazakh national poet Dzhambul Dzhabaev (1846-1945). After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, it was renamed Aul-e-Ata again, but the old name, Taras, became the official name after that. [Shuji Yamashita] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中央アジア、カザフスタン共和国南部に位置するジャンブル州Zhambyl(Dzhambul)の州都。旧称アウリエ・アタAulie-Ata。人口33万0100(1999)、35万7793(2019推計)。隣国キルギスとの国境が近く、キルギスの首都ビシュケクまで東に250キロメートル、ウズベキスタンの首都タシケントは南西に250キロメートルの距離。タラス川の扇状地にあるオアシスの中心地。トルキスタン・シベリア鉄道が通る。1864年にロシアの支配下となり、家畜の飼育・売買が行われていたにすぎなかったが、ロシア革命(1917)後、化学工業(過リン酸石灰)、軽工業(羊毛、皮革、ビール醸造)、機械製造・修理工業が急速に発展した。中央アジア有数の製糖コンビナートもある。街はタラスの名で7世紀にはすでに知られ、11~12世紀にカラ・ハン朝の都となった。当時の寺院や廟墓(びょうぼ)(マウソレウム)が現存しており、建築史上でも貴重である。1936年までアウリエ・アタ、1936~38年はミルゾヤンМирзоян/Mirzoyanといったが、カザフの民族詩人であるジャンブル・ジャバエフДжамбул Джабаев/Dzhambul Dzhabaev(1846―1945)を記念してジャンブルと改称。1991年のソ連崩壊後ふたたびアウリエ・アタに改めたが、その後古名のタラスが正称となった。 [山下脩二] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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