Balfour, G. (English spelling)

…Subsequently, the supplementary treaties to the Treaty of Nanking, the Wukou Trade Regulations and Maritime Customs Regulations of July 1843, specified consular jurisdiction and a 5% ad valorem import and export tax, and the additional treaty of October 1843, which included these treaties, allowed (1) a unilateral most-favored-nation clause, (2) the permanent presence of foreign warships in Chinese seaports, and (3) the lease of land and the construction of residences by British nationals in open ports. Based on these land lease provisions, Shanghai Taoist Minister Mu Jiu and the first British consul G. Balfour established the Perpetual Lease Law in November, which became the forerunner of the foreign concessions that were later established. The Treaty of Nanking and the Additional Treaty of Humen, along with the Treaty of Qingwangxia of July 1844 and the Treaty of Huangpu of October 1844, which had the same basic content, became the common rights of the three countries of Britain, America, and France, and marked the beginning of China's unequal treaty relations with the outside world. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Balfour, G." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…引き続き，南京条約の補足，追加条約である43年7月の五口通商章程および海関税則において，領事裁判権，従価5％の輸出入税，が明記され，これらをも含めた追加条約である同年10月の虎門寨追加条約において，(1)片務的最恵国条款，(2)外国軍艦の中国海港常駐，(3)開港場におけるイギリス人の土地租借および住居建築が認められた。この土地租借規定を根拠として，11月に上海道台宮慕久と初代イギリス領事バルフォアG.Balfourとが永代借地法を定め，のちに設置される外国租界の先駆となった。　南京条約および虎門寨追加条約は，基本的内容を同じくする44年7月の米清望厦条約，同年10月の仏清黄埔条約とともに英米仏3国の共通的権利となり，中国の対外的不平等条約関係の出発点となった。…

※「Balfour，G.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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