Burden of proof

Japanese: 証明責任 - しょうめいせきにん
Burden of proof
When evidence is examined regarding the facts that are the premise of a trial, but it is not known whether or not those facts existed (called "unknown truth"), the trial cannot be refused, so the rules that make this possible, and the risk and disadvantage that the parties will face as a result, are called the burden of proof. Traditionally, the terms "burden of proof" and "burden of proof" were used to focus on the parties' efforts to prove themselves in order to avoid this risk, but nowadays the term "burden of proof" is more commonly used, focusing on the result of the truth being unknown.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
裁判の前提となる事実について,証拠調べが行われたが,その事実があったかなかったかがわからない場合(真偽不明という)に,裁判を拒否することはできないので,これを可能にするためのルール,およびそのことによって当事者がうける敗訴の危険・不利益を証明責任という。従来は,この危険を避けるための当事者の立証活動に着目して,挙証責任または立証責任という言葉が使用されていたが,現在では真偽不明という結果に着目した証明責任という言葉が多く使われている。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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