Lesser cuckoo

Japanese: ホトトギス

A perennial plant of the lily family that grows in thickets in the mountains from Honshu (east of Kanto) to Kyushu. The stem is about 80 cm long, has long coarse hairs, and often hangs down from cliffs. The leaves are narrow, oblong, and 8-15 cm long, with no stalk at the base, and embrace the stem. From summer to autumn, a small number of flowers, each 3-4 cm in diameter, grow in clusters in the leaf axils and open upward. The six tepals are white with dark purple spots, and are named after the spots on the chest hair of the lesser cuckoo (bird). The style is divided into three parts and has two lobes at the end. The closely related Lesser Cuckoo has downward-pointing hairs on the stem, and several flowers grow only at the top of the stem, with large spots at the base of the tepals. The stems of Lesser Cuckoo are short-haired, and several flowers grow on the pedicels at the top of the stem and in the upper leaf axils, and the lower tepals open suddenly. The yellow lesser cuckoo grows in forests in warm regions, with small numbers of flowers in the leaf axils that are yellow with dark purple spots. The banyan lesser cuckoo is similar to the previous species, but grows to a height of up to 15 cm, and its leaves have dark green spots. The Tamagawa lesser cuckoo grows in mountain forests, with small numbers of flowers on pedicels that emerge from the stem tips and upper leaf axils, and the yellow tepals grow obliquely upward. The Jourou lesser cuckoo has strongly curved, drooping stems and yellow flowers that half-open and face downward. All are planted as mountain plants.

Lesser cuckoo

A haiku magazine. It was first published in Matsuyama in January 1897 by Yanagiwara Gokudo, a disciple of Masaoka Shiki. In October 1898, Shiki moved to Tokyo and appointed Takahama Kyoshi as publisher. Kawahigashi Hekigoto, Naito Meisetsu, Sato Koryoku, and Samukawa Nezumikotsu were active in the magazine, and it became the base of the "Japan" school of haiku. After Shiki's death, Kyoshi took over the magazine in both name and reality, and with the rise of descriptive prose, it took on the appearance of a literary magazine for a time, with Natsume Soseki, Ito Sachio, Nagatsuka Setsu, Suzuki Miekichi, and Terada Torahiko among its contributors. It eventually returned to being a haiku magazine, taking a conservative stance in opposition to the new trends, and Murakami Kijo, Maeda Fura, Iida Jakutoku, and Watanabe Suiha were among its writers. Kyoshi advocated flower and bird poetry based on objective descriptive writing. At the end of the Taisho era, the "4S era" emerged, with Mizuhara Kososhi, Yamaguchi Seishi, Awano Seiho, and Takano Soju. In addition, the human-seeking school of Kato Shuson, Nakamura Kusadao, and Ishida Hakyo emerged. After Kyoshi's death in 1959, his eldest son Toshio (1900-1979) took over as president, and after his death, Toshio's second daughter Inabata Teiko (1931-) took over as president.
→ Related topics Ashibi｜Ogawa Ikosen｜Flower and bird poems｜Tomiyasu Fusei｜Nogami Yaeko｜Haiku｜Hino Sojo｜Matsune Toyojo

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

本州（関東以東）〜九州の山中のやぶなどにはえるユリ科の多年草。茎は長さ80cm内外，長い粗毛があり，しばしば崖などからたれ下がってはえる。葉は狭長楕円形で長さ８〜15cm，基部は柄がなくて茎を抱く。夏〜秋，葉腋に径３〜4cmの花を少数束生，上向きに開く。６枚の花被片は白色で，濃紫色の斑(ふ)があり，ホトトギス（鳥）の胸毛の斑点に似るのでこの名がある。花柱は三つに分かれ，先が２裂する。近縁のヤマジノホトトギスは茎に下を向く毛があり，花は茎の上方にだけ数個つき，花被片の基部の斑が大きい。ヤマホトトギスは茎に短毛がはえ，花は茎頂および上部の葉腋の花柄上に数個ずつつき，花被片は下半部が急に開く。キバナノホトトギスは暖地の林内にはえ，花は葉腋に少数ずつつき，黄色で濃紫斑がある。チャボホトトギスは前種に似るが，高さ15cm以内，葉には濃緑色の斑紋がある。山中の林にはえるタマガワホトトギスは花が茎頂および上部の葉腋から出る花柄に少数つき，花被片は黄色で斜上する。ジョウロウホトトギスは茎が強く曲がってたれ下がり，黄色の花を下向きに半開する。いずれも山草として植えられる。

ホトトギス

俳句雑誌。1897年１月正岡子規の門弟柳原極堂が松山で発行。1898年10月子規が東京に移して高浜虚子を発行人とし，河東碧梧桐，内藤鳴雪，佐藤紅緑，寒川鼠骨らが活躍，《日本》派俳句の拠点となった。子規没後は名実ともに虚子が継承，写生文の興隆とともに一時は文芸誌の観を呈し，夏目漱石，伊藤左千夫，長塚節，鈴木三重吉，寺田寅彦らが執筆。やがて俳句誌に復し，新傾向派に対抗して守旧派の立場をとり，村上鬼城，前田普羅，飯田蛇笏，渡辺水巴らが輩出。虚子は客観写生による花鳥諷詠を唱道した。大正末には水原秋桜子，山口誓子，阿波野青畝，高野素十の〈4S時代〉を現出。さらに，加藤楸邨，中村草田男，石田波郷の人間探求派が輩出。1959年虚子没後は長男年尾〔1900-1979〕が主宰，その没後は年尾の二女稲畑汀子(いなはたていこ)〔1931-〕が主宰している。
→関連項目馬酔木｜小川芋銭｜花鳥諷詠｜富安風生｜野上弥生子｜俳句｜日野草城｜松根東洋城

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