Reward - Onshogata

A job title in the Kenmu government and Muromachi shogunate. The organization that handles rewards for meritorious service, accepts applications for rewards, and governs and deliberates on reward affairs. In the Kenmu government, it was established around July 1333 (Ganko 3, Shokei 2), but the following year, the country was divided into four regions and reward offices were established to strengthen it. However, there were many people who wanted rewards, and influential people such as Ashikaga Takauji did not participate in the reward office, so it was not able to function sufficiently. The reward office of the Muromachi shogunate was established in 1336 (Engen 1, Kenmu 3) immediately after the shogunate was established. Since the presentation of rewards was the shogun's most personal authority, during Takauji's reign, the steward Takano Moronao was appointed as the head. Because the Rewards Department was an agency directly under the Shogun and closely related to him, its deliberations were often held in front of the Shogun, and the Magistrates of the Rewards Department were also the Shogun's Decisions-Making Officers.

[Kiyoshi Ito]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

建武(けんむ)政権、室町幕府の職名。論功行賞を取り扱い、恩賞の申請を受理し、恩賞業務を管轄し審議する機関。建武政権においては1333年（元弘3・正慶2）7月ごろ発足したが、翌年全国を4地方に分けて恩賞方を置き、強化しようとした。しかし恩賞を望む者が多かったり、足利尊氏(あしかがたかうじ)らの有力者が恩賞方に参加しなかったりしたので、十分な活動ができなかった。室町幕府の恩賞方は、1336年（延元1・建武3）幕府成立直後に設置された。恩賞宛行(あておこない)は将軍のもっとも固有な権限であったから、尊氏のときには執事(しつじ)高師直(こうのもろなお)が頭人に任ぜられた。恩賞方は将軍に密着した直属機関であったので恩賞方の審議は将軍の御前で行われる場合が多く、恩賞方の奉行人(ぶぎょうにん)は御前沙汰衆(ごぜんさたしゅう)でもあった。

［伊藤喜良］

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