The appearance of the ear of a plant. The young ear differentiated at the end of the stem develops while being wrapped in the leaf sheath of the top leaf (the flag leaf). When it matures as an ear, the internode (head) below the ear grows rapidly, and the ear emerges from the leaf sheath of the flag leaf as if being pushed out. This is called ear emergence. In the case of rice, wheat, and other gramineous crops, ear emergence is considered important in cultivation as an indicator of the growth process. Therefore, ear emergence is precisely defined, and for a single stem, it is when the ear tip appears in rice, and when the ear has finished emerging to the base in wheat. In addition, in the case of fields, the ear emergence begins when the first ear is seen in a paddy field, the ear emergence period is when about half of the stems have emerged, and the full ear period is when about 90% have emerged. The heading period for each species and variety of crop is almost fixed in a region when standard cultivation is performed. However, if growth is delayed due to abnormally low temperatures or drought, the heading period will also be delayed. In northern Japan, if ears of rice head late, winter comes before the grains have time to ripen, resulting in cold damage. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
植物の穂が出ること。茎の先に分化した幼穂は、最上位葉(止葉(とめは))の葉鞘(ようしょう)に包まれて発達する。穂として成熟すると、穂の下の節間(穂首)が急速に伸びて、穂は押し出されるようにして止葉の葉鞘から出現する。これが出穂である。イネやムギ類などのイネ科作物では、出穂は生育過程の一指標として栽培上重要視されている。したがって出穂については正確に規定されており、1本の茎についてみた場合には、イネでは穂先が現れたとき、ムギ類では穂が基部まで出終わったときを出穂とする。また、畑を対象とした場合、たとえば水田に最初に出穂がみられたときを出穂始め、約半数の茎が出穂したときを出穂期、約90%が出穂したときを穂ぞろい期という。作物それぞれの種や品種の出穂期は、地域内では標準的栽培をした場合にはほぼ決まっている。しかし、異常低温や干害などによって生育が遅れると出穂期も遅くなる。北国では、出穂が遅れると子実が実らないうちに冬になってしまい、冷害となる。 [星川清親] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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