Solid carbon dioxide. Also called solid carbon dioxide. When carbon dioxide gas (carbonic acid gas) is cooled and compressed to a liquid, and some of it is evaporated, the remaining part becomes snowflake-like solid carbon dioxide due to the latent heat. This is what is made by pressurizing and molding it into commercial dry ice. The vapor pressure of solid carbon dioxide is 1 atmosphere at -73.5°C, but since the heat of evaporation is large (87 kilocalories per mole), and the evaporated carbon dioxide wraps around the solid, it does not evaporate (sublime) immediately. When mixed with ether or acetone, it can reach a temperature as low as -110°C. Dry ice does not produce liquid, making it a very convenient freezer and suitable for storing and transporting food, fruit, etc. Contact with the skin can cause frostbite, so it must be handled with gloves. [Kenichi Morinaga] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
二酸化炭素の固体。固体炭酸ともいう。二酸化炭素の気体(炭酸ガス)を冷却圧縮して液体とし、一部を蒸発させると、潜熱によって残部は雪片状の固体炭酸となる。これを加圧成形したものが市販のドライアイスである。固体炭酸の蒸気圧は零下73.5℃で1気圧であるが、蒸発熱が大きく(1モル当り87キロカロリー)、蒸発した二酸化炭素が固体の周りを包み込んでしまうので、すぐに蒸発(昇華)することはない。エーテルやアセトンに混ぜて用いると零下110℃の低温が得られる。 ドライアイスは液体を生じないので、冷凍剤としてたいへん便利で、食料品、果物などの貯蔵、輸送に適している。皮膚に触れると凍傷を生じることがあるので、手袋などをして扱う必要がある。 [守永健一] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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