...This mental age was taken to represent the level of intelligence. The Binet intelligence test was later revised by LM Terman of Stanford University in the United States, and the so-called Stanford-Binet test was born. In this test, the IQ, calculated by dividing the mental age by the actual age (chronological age) and multiplying by 100, was used as the standard for the level of intelligence. From [Genius]...Kretschmer's point is an extension of these findings, and he points out that geniuses in early modern Europe were often found in areas where northern and alpine races mixed, including most of France, Flanders and the Netherlands, most of Germany, and upper and central Italy (The Geniuses, 1929). On the other hand, American psychologist LM Terman, who used the Stanford revised version of the Binet-Simon Intelligence Test, devised in 1916, revealed that geniuses are those with an IQ of 140 or higher, and that this percentage is 0.25%. Incidentally, he estimated the IQs of 301 historical geniuses from their biographical data, and found that JS Mill had an IQ of 190 from data up to the age of 17, and Goethe had an IQ of 200 from data from the ages of 17 to 25. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Terman, LM" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この精神年齢が知能の程度を表すものとされたのである。その後,ビネ式知能テストは,アメリカのスタンフォード大学のターマンL.M.Termanらによって改訂され,いわゆるスタンフォード・ビネ・テストStanford‐Binet testが出現した。このテストでは,実際の年齢(暦年齢)で精神年齢を割り100倍することによって得られる知能指数が,知能程度をあらわす基準とされた。… 【天才】より…こうした知見の延長上にあるのがクレッチマーの指摘で,それによると,近世ヨーロッパの天才たちは北方人種とアルプス人種との混交地帯に多く現れており,フランスの大部分,フランドル・オランダ,ドイツの大部分,上部および中部イタリアがこれに属するという(《天才人》1929)。他方,天才の知能指数を問題にしたのがアメリカの心理学者ターマンL.M.Termanで,1916年に考案したビネ=シモン知能検査のスタンフォード改訂版を用い,知能指数(IQ)140以上が天才で,その百分比は0.25%であることを明らかにした。ちなみに,歴史上の天才301名についても,その伝記的資料からIQを推定し,たとえばJ.S.ミルは17歳までの資料からIQ190,ゲーテは17歳から25歳までの資料でIQ200という高い数値があげられている。… ※「Terman,L.M.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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