A state in which the volume of an organ, tissue, or cell is reduced. In some cases, the size or number of cells is reduced, and the atrophied tissue or organ may also be abnormal (degenerated). Depending on the cause, there is physiological atrophy or senile atrophy that occurs with age in the heart, brain, liver, kidneys, etc., atrophy that occurs in organs and tissues whose functions have been continuously restricted for a long period of time, nutritional atrophy seen in cachexia, compression atrophy caused by continuous pressure, atrophy of blood-forming organs and gonads caused by exposure to radiation such as X-rays or radium, and muscle atrophy caused by amputation or disease of the nerves that control them. Atrophy of related organs can also be seen due to abnormalities in endocrine function. [Yutaka Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
臓器、組織、細胞の容積が縮小している状態をいう。細胞の大きさが減少する場合と細胞の数が減少する場合とがあり、また萎縮した組織や臓器に性状の異常(変性)を伴うこともある。成因により、年齢とともに心臓、脳、肝臓、腎臓(じんぞう)などに出現する生理的萎縮や老人性萎縮、長期にわたって持続的に機能が制限された臓器・組織におこる無為萎縮のほかに、悪液質に際してみられるような栄養障害性萎縮、持続的に圧迫が加わって生ずる圧迫萎縮、レントゲン、ラジウムなどの放射線の照射によって造血臓器・性腺(せいせん)におこる萎縮、支配する神経の切断・疾患によっておこる筋肉の萎縮などがある。また、内分泌機能の異常によっても関連する臓器の萎縮がみられる。 [渡辺 裕] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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