Registered stock - inscribed stock

Japanese: 記名株式 - きめいかぶしき(英語表記)inscribed stock
Registered stock - inscribed stock

This type of stock corresponds to bearer stock, which was previously only allowed to be issued when specified in the articles of incorporation. The shareholder's name and address are recorded in the shareholder register kept by the company that issues the stock, and generally the shareholder's name is also recorded on the stock certificate, thereby expressing the shareholder's rights. Registered stock has historically been the rule in Japan, and there have been only two cases of bearer stock being issued before World War II and one after the war. In the registered stock system, the shareholder's rights only come into effect when the new owner changes the name when buying or selling the stock. Even if you own the stock certificate itself, if you have not changed the name, you will have property rights equivalent to the number of shares recorded on the stock certificate (the right to sell the stock you own and receive the associated benefits and losses), but the rights such as dividend rights and voting rights will belong to the most recent shareholder whose name is recorded on the shareholder register.

In the 1990 (Heisei 2) amendment to the Commercial Code, bearer shares were abolished and consolidated into registered shares in accordance with the actual situation, but then, with the enactment of the Companies Act in 2005 (Heisei 17), the names of shareholders were removed from the required information to be written on stock certificates (Article 216 of the Companies Act). As a result, the inscription of shareholder names on stock certificates became optional, and a distinction was made between the conceptual "stock" and the physical "stock certificate." In other words, while the system of "registered shares" was maintained, it became possible for "bearer stock certificates" to be issued in reality. This raises concerns that this could lead to disputes between the actual holder of the stock certificate and the person listed on the shareholder register, depending on whether or not the holder acquired the certificate in good faith. However, with the introduction of electronic stock certificates and a system of non-issuance of stock certificates, most listed companies today do not issue stock certificates (issuance of stock certificates remains an exception), so there is no discrepancy in this respect for listed companies. In other words, just as in the past, shareholders' rights are guaranteed by changing the name at the same time as the sale and purchase.

[Gen Takahashi]

[Reference] | Stock certificates |Stocks | Bearer shares

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

従来、定款に定めた場合にのみ発行を認められた無記名株式に対応する株式の形態。株式を発行する株式会社に備えられた株主名簿に株主の氏名・住所が記載され、一般には株券上にも株主の氏名が記載されている株式で、それによって株主の権利が表章される。日本では歴史的に記名株式を原則としており、これまで無記名株式の発行事例は第二次世界大戦前に2件、戦後に1件あるだけである。記名株式制度では、売買に際して新所有者が名義書換えを行うことで、初めて株主としての諸権利が発効する。株券それ自体を所有していても名義書換えをしていなければ、株券に記載されている株式数相当の財産権(所有する株券を売却し、それに付随する利害得失を手にする権利)はあるものの、配当請求権や議決権などの諸権利は、株主名簿に氏名を記載された、直近の株主に帰属するのである。

 1990年(平成2)の商法改正では、実態にあわせて無記名株式が廃止され、記名株式に一本化されたが、その後2005年(平成17)の会社法制定に伴い、株券記載必要事項から株主の氏名が削除された(会社法216条)。これにより、株券上の株主氏名の記載は任意とされ、概念上の「株式」と物理的な「株券」とが区別されることとなった。すなわち、「記名株式」の制度を維持しながらも、現実に発行される株券には「無記名株券」も可能となったことを意味する。このことは、実際の株券所有者が善意取得によるか否かにより、株主名簿記載者との間で係争の種となる懸念を抱かせる。ただ、株券の電子化や株券の不発行制度が導入され、今日では上場会社のほとんどが株券を発行していない(株券発行は例外的にとどまる)ことから、上場会社についてはこの点での齟齬(そご)は生じていない。つまり、従来と同様、売買と同時に名義書換えを行うことで、株主権が担保されているのである。

[高橋 元]

[参照項目] | 株券 | 株式 | 無記名株式

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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