Traffic carried out by ships sailing on the sea. An area of the sea where ships are relatively concentrated is called a sea route. The main intercontinental routes are the North Atlantic route (Europe - North America), the South Atlantic and Caribbean route (Europe - Central America, South America, Africa), the Asia-Australia route (Europe - East Asia, Australia), the North Pacific route (North America - East Asia), and the South Pacific route (North America - Australia). In the past, routes centered on Europe were considered important, but as the economic status of the United States and Japan improved, the volume of traffic on routes centered on these regions also increased dramatically. The route with the most maritime traffic has always been the North Atlantic route in modern times, but after World War II, with the development of Middle Eastern oil, the volume of traffic from the Persian Gulf to Europe, North America, and Japan also increased. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
海上を航行する船舶によって行われる交通をいう。船舶の航行が比較的集中する海域を航路と呼び,おもな大陸間航路としては,北大西洋航路 (ヨーロッパ-北アメリカ) ,南大西洋・カリブ海航路 (ヨーロッパ-中央アメリカ,南アメリカ,アフリカ) ,アジア・オーストラリア航路 (ヨーロッパ-東アジア,オーストラリア) ,北太平洋航路 (北アメリカ-東アジア) ,南太平洋航路 (北アメリカ-オーストラリア) などがある。かつてはヨーロッパを中心とする航路が重要視されたが,アメリカや日本の経済的地位の向上とともに,これらの地域を中心とする航路の交通量も激増した。最も海上交通量の多い航路は,近代以降常に北大西洋航路であるが,第2次世界大戦後は中東石油の開発に伴って,ペルシア湾を起点として,ヨーロッパ,北アメリカ,日本に向う交通量も増大した。
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