Hanyang

A municipal district in the west of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province in central China. Population 619,700 (2013). Known as one of the three towns of Wuhan since ancient times, it was a strategic military location, with Lushan Castle built on Guishan Mountain during the Han Dynasty. During the Sui Dynasty, Hanyang County was established on the north side of the Yangtze River (Changjiang), and Hanyang was the county seat. During the Song Dynasty, the Hanyang Army was established, and it was the county seat of Hanyang Prefecture for three generations, during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. In 1912, it became Hanyang County, and in 1949, it merged with Wuchang and Hankou to form Wuhan City.

It is located at the confluence of the Han River and the Yangtze River, on the right bank of the Han River, and on the north bank of the Yangtze River. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Zhidong established an ironworks and an arsenal (weapons factory). The ironworks was operated by the Hanyeping (Hanyang, Daye, Pingxiang) Coal and Iron Company, but it no longer exists (it was moved to Chongqing during the Sino-Japanese War). The economy is still centered on industry, but real estate, tourism, and service industries are also developing. The Wuhan Yangtze Bridge was built between Guishan on the Yangtze River and Snakeshan on the opposite bank. Around Guishan, there is the Guqin platform where Boya played the koto during the Spring and Autumn Period, the Yue Fei Temple, and the Guiyuan Zen Temple, known for its 500 arhat statues, is also nearby.

The rural areas of Hanyang County that were not incorporated into Hanyang District, Wuhan City, remained as Hanyang County until 1992, with its county government located in Saidian Town, but in 1992 it was incorporated into Wuhan City and became Saidian District.

[Michihiro Kono, Editorial Department, August 21, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国中部、湖北(こほく)省の省都武漢(ぶかん)市の西部にある市轄区。人口61万9700（2013）。古来武漢三鎮の一つとして知られ、漢代すでに亀山(きざん)の上に魯山(ろざん)城が築かれたほどの軍事上の要地であった。隋(ずい)代、長江(ちょうこう)（揚子江(ようすこう)）の北側に漢陽県が置かれ、漢陽が県治であった。宋(そう)代に漢陽軍が置かれ、元、明(みん)、清(しん)3代にわたり漢陽府の府治で、1912年から漢陽県となり、1949年武昌(ぶしょう)、漢口(かんこう)と合併、武漢市となった。

　漢水(かんすい)と長江の合流点、漢水の右岸、長江の北岸に位置する。清朝末期、張之洞(ちょうしどう)により製鉄所と兵工廠(へいこうしょう)（兵器工場）が設けられた。製鉄所は漢冶萍(かんやひょう)（漢陽、大冶(だいや)、萍郷(へいきょう)）煤鉄公司(ばいてつコンス)により経営されたが、いまはない（日中戦争当時重慶(じゅうけい)に移設）。現在も経済の中心は工業であるが、不動産業、観光業、サービス業も発展している。長江のほとりの亀山と対岸の蛇山(だざん)の間に武漢長江大橋が架設され、亀山周辺には春秋時代に伯牙(はくが)が琴をかなでた古琴台や岳飛廟(がくひびょう)があり、五百羅漢で知られる帰元禅寺もほど近い。

　なお武漢市漢陽区に編入されなかった漢陽県の農村部は、1992年まで漢陽県として残り、祭甸(さいでん)鎮に県政府が置かれていたが、1992年武漢市に編入され、祭甸区となった。

［河野通博・編集部　2017年8月21日］

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