[What kind of disease is it?] This is a disease in which the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and the bones of the nasal turbinates atrophy, causing the inside of the nasal cavity to become extremely wide. It is divided into simple atrophic rhinitis and true atrophic rhinitis. In recent years, true atrophic rhinitis has become rare, but the reasons for this are unclear. [Symptoms] In simple atrophic rhinitis, there are few scabs on the nasal mucosa and no foul odor. In true atrophic rhinitis, the mucosa changes significantly, and many dirty scabs form inside the nose, causing a foul odor. Nasal congestion and headaches occur, and it becomes difficult to smell. The throat often becomes dry, causing pain and discomfort. [Cause] Because it is more prevalent in women, hormonal abnormalities are suspected, as well as autonomic nerve disorders, infection with specific bacteria, and vitamin A or D deficiency or poisoning. However, the cause is still unknown. [Testing and diagnosis] The diagnosis can be made by the presence of an increased width inside the nose and the formation of numerous strong-smelling scabs. Blood tests and pathology tests are performed to distinguish it from other conditions such as syphilis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and malignant lymphoma. [Treatment] Simple atrophic rhinitis is often asymptomatic and often does not require any treatment, but true atrophic rhinitis is treated with antibiotics, nebulizer (inhalation) treatment with adrenal cortical hormones, nasal irrigation, and vitamin supplements. In order to narrow the widened nasal cavity, mucous membrane or bone grafts may be performed. Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information |
[どんな病気か] 鼻腔(びくう)の粘膜(ねんまく)や鼻甲介(びこうかい)の骨が萎縮(いしゅく)し、鼻腔内が極度に広くなった病変をいいます。 単純性萎縮性鼻炎(たんじゅんせいいしゅくせいびえん)と真性萎縮性鼻炎(しんせいいしゅくせいびえん)とに分けられます。 近年、真性萎縮性鼻炎はまれになりましたが、理由ははっきりしません。 [症状] 単純性萎縮性鼻炎は、鼻腔粘膜につくかさぶたが少なく悪臭もしません。真性萎縮性鼻炎では、粘膜の変化が強く、汚いかさぶたが鼻の中に多量につき、悪臭がします。鼻づまりや頭痛がおこり、においがわかりにくくなります。しばしば、のどが乾燥し、痛みや違和感が出ます。 [原因] 女性に多いため、ホルモン異常が疑われたり、自律神経障害(じりつしんけいしょうがい)、特殊な細菌の感染、ビタミンAやDの欠乏・中毒などが考えられています。しかし、まだ原因は不明です。 [検査と診断] 鼻の中が広くなり、においの強いかさぶたが多量に付着していることから診断できます。 梅毒(ばいどく)、ウェゲナー肉芽腫症(にくげしゅしょう)、悪性リンパ腫(しゅ)などと区別するため、血液検査や病理検査が行なわれます。 [治療] 単純性萎縮性鼻炎は無症状の場合が多く、とくに治療しないことが多いのですが、真性萎縮性鼻炎では、抗生物質や副腎皮質(ふくじんひしつ)ホルモンのネブライザー(吸入)治療、鼻洗浄、ビタミン剤の使用などを行ないます。 広くなった鼻腔を狭くするため、粘膜や骨の移植(いしょく)を行なうこともあります。 出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報 |
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