A type of intestinal bacteria, it is an anaerobic gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium. It may also refer to the genus Bifidobacterium . It is also called Bifidobacterium bifidus or Bifidus bacteria. In 1899, H. Tische of the Pasteur Institute discovered it in the feces of a healthy breastfed infant, and named it Bacillus bifidus communis , taking the Latin word "bifidus" meaning "branched" from its V-shaped or Y-shaped form. Subsequent research revealed that it is a type of lactic acid bacterium (→ lactic acid rod-shaped bacterium) that breaks down sugar to produce lactic acid and acetic acid, and it was called Lactobacillus bifidus . These acids have strong bactericidal properties, and are thought to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria such as pathogenic bacteria and E. coli, and to improve the intestinal environment. In recent years, the difficulty of it being unable to grow in the presence of oxygen has been technically solved, and it has become an ingredient in infant formulas, yogurt, beverages, nutritional supplements, etc. It has also been discovered that oligosaccharides (small sugars) are useful for proliferation in the intestine. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
腸内細菌の一種で,嫌気性のグラム陽性桿菌。ビフィドバクテリウム Bifidobacterium 属の総称をさす場合もある。ビヒダス菌,ビフィダス菌ともいう。1899年,パスツール研究所の H.ティシェが健康な母乳栄養児の糞便から発見し,V字や Y字の形状からラテン語で「分岐」を意味する「ビフィダス」を使ってバチルスビフィズス菌 bacillus bifidus communis と命名した。その後の研究で,糖を分解して乳酸や酢酸などを生産する乳酸菌(→乳酸桿菌)の一種であることがわかり,ラクトバチルス・ビフィズス菌 lactobacillus bifidus と呼ばれた。これらの酸が強い殺菌性をもち,病原性細菌や大腸菌など有害菌の増殖を防ぎ,腸内環境を整えると考えられる。酸素があると増殖できない難点が近年技術的に解決され,乳児用調製粉乳,ヨーグルト,飲料,栄養補助食品などに加えられるようになった。また腸内での増殖にオリゴ糖(少糖類)が有用であることがわかってきた。
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