Capture - Hokaku (English spelling)

Japanese: 捕獲 - ほかく（英語表記）capture

A belligerent nation confiscates the ships and cargo of an enemy or a certain neutral nation. The objects of capture are enemy ships, enemy goods, neutral goods on enemy ships that are prohibited during wartime, neutral ships that break through a blockade and their cargo, and prohibited goods on neutral ships (if the prohibited goods exceed half the total cargo in terms of value, weight, volume, or freight, the neutral ship is also captured). Among enemy ships, ships engaged in coastal fishing, ships with religious, academic, or philanthropic missions, and cartels are exempt from capture, but among cargo, mail and letters are guaranteed inviolability. Capture is carried out by warships of a belligerent nation through procedures of stopping, boarding, searching, and seizing the ship, and is prohibited in the territorial waters of a neutral nation. Ships and cargo are inspected and confiscated by a capture inspection office established within the seizing nation. The capture of aircraft is treated almost the same as that of ships.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

交戦国が敵または一定の中立国の船舶，貨物を没収すること。捕獲の対象は，敵船，敵貨，敵船上の中立貨のうち戦時禁制品，封鎖侵破の中立船および積載貨物，中立船上の戦時禁制品 (その禁制品が価格上，重量上，容積上，運賃上，全貨物の2分の1をこえるときは，その中立船も捕獲される) である。敵船のうち，沿岸漁業に従事する船舶，宗教，学術，博愛の任務を帯びている船舶，カーテル船などは捕獲を免れ，貨物のうち，郵便信書は不可侵を保障される。捕獲は，交戦国の軍艦によって停船，臨検，捜索，拿捕の手続をとって行われ，中立国の領海では禁止される。船舶，貨物は，拿捕国の国内に設置された捕獲審検所による審検を受けて没収される。なお航空機の捕獲は，船舶とほぼ同様に扱われる。

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