When a child or sibling of the decedent who is the presumptive heir loses the right to inherit due to death, disinheritance, or disqualification before the start of the inheritance, the child of that person inherits in his/her place (Civil Code, Article 887, Paragraph 2, Article 889, Paragraph 2). If the substitute loses the right to inherit before the start of the inheritance, the child of the substitute inherits in his/her place (Article 887, Paragraph 3). However, the right of substitute inheritance of the decedent's siblings is limited to one generation of their children (the decedent's nephew or niece) (Article 889, Paragraph 2). This system was established from the perspective of fairness to protect the expectation of inheritance held by lineal descendants. The substitute must be a lineal descendant of the decedent, but does not need to exist at the time the substitute lost the right to inherit; it is sufficient if the person existed at the time the inheritance started. The share of the inheritance is the same as the one that the substitute should have received (Article 901). However, since renunciation of inheritance is not considered a cause of renunciation, the child of a person who renounces the inheritance cannot inherit in his/her place. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
推定相続人である被相続人の子または兄弟姉妹が相続の開始以前に死亡,廃除,相続欠格により相続権を失ったときに,その者の子がその者に代って相続すること (民法 887条2項,889条2項) 。代襲者が相続開始以前に相続権を失っているときは,代襲者の子がさらにこれを代襲して相続する (887条3項) 。ただし,被相続人の兄弟姉妹の代襲相続権はその子 (被相続人の甥または姪) の1代に限る (889条2項) 。直系卑属が有する相続に対する期待を保護するため,公平の観点から設けられた制度である。代襲者は被相続人の直系卑属であることを要するが,被代襲者が相続権を失った時点で存在していることは要せず,相続開始当時に存在していれば足りる。相続分は,被代襲者が受けるべきであったものと同じである (901条) 。しかし,相続放棄は代襲原因とされていないので,相続を放棄した者の子は代襲相続することはできない。
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