Ethica ordine geometrico demonstrata

Japanese: エチカ - えちか(英語表記)Ethica ordine geometrico demonstrata
Ethica ordine geometrico demonstrata

The major work of the 17th century Dutch philosopher Spinoza. It was published in 1677 by a friend after his death. The official title of this book is Ethics Proved in a Geometric Order, and it literally deductively proves Spinoza's entire system according to the "geometric order." It asserts that there is one infinite substance, God; that thought and extension are the two attributes that the human mind can recognize; that God produces all results within himself; that all things are therefore nothing other than the modes of God; that God acts according to the necessity of his own nature, and that everything is determined; that the order and connections of ideas are the same as the order and connections of bodies; that the human mind is bound to be enslaved to passions, but at the same time has the ability to overcome passions through clear and distinct cognition; and that humans are free when they overcome desires through reason. When we consider all things "in their eternal aspect," that is, in their necessary relationship with God, joy arises as "intellectual love for God." This is none other than the "intellectual love of God" in which God loves himself, and in this lies the highest good and happiness of man.

[Akihiro Sakai]

"Ethics (Ethics)" translated by Hisashi Hatanaka, 2 volumes (Iwanami Bunko)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

17世紀オランダの哲学者スピノザの主著。彼の死後、友人の手で1677年に刊行された。本書は正式の題名を『幾何学的順序で証明された倫理学』といい、スピノザの全体系を文字どおり「幾何学の順序」に従って演繹(えんえき)的に論証する。すなわち、唯一の無限実体、神が存在すること。思惟(しい)と延長とは人間精神に認識可能なその二つの属性であること。神はいっさいの結果を自己の内部に産出すること。したがっていっさいの事物は神の様態にほかならないこと。神は自己の本性の必然性に従って働き、いっさいは決定されていること。観念の秩序および連結は物体の秩序および連結と同一であること。人間精神は諸情念に隷従せざるをえないが、しかし同時に明晰(めいせき)判明な認識によって諸情念に打ち勝つ能力をもつこと。人間は理性によって欲望を克服するとき自由であること。万物を「永遠の相のもとに」、つまり神との必然的な関係においてみるとき、「神に対する知的愛」としての喜悦が生ずること。これは神が自己自身を愛する「神の知的愛」にほかならず、ここに人間の最高の善と幸福とが存すること、などである。

[坂井昭宏]

『畠中尚志訳『エチカ(倫理学)』全二冊(岩波文庫)』

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