In a broad sense, it refers to a reaction in which the decomposition and hydrogenation of organic compounds occur simultaneously; hydrodesulfurization of heavy oil is an application of hydrocracking reactions. In a narrow sense, it refers to the process of cracking heavy residual oil in the presence of pressurized hydrogen and a catalyst to produce gasoline and other light fuel oils. This process simultaneously catalytically cracks and hydrogenates heavy hydrocarbons, producing saturated gasoline with a high isoparaffin content. This hydrocracked gasoline has the characteristics of a high octane number and low sensitivity, and is produced in large quantities in the United States in particular. This process is also used to produce high-quality kerosene and diesel from heavy residual oil, and to produce liquefied petroleum gas from naphtha. Catalysts used include nickel sulfide supported on alumina, silica-alumina, or zeolite, tungsten sulfide (for heavy oil), or platinum (for naphtha). Representative industrial processes include the Unicracking process of the American company UOP and the H-OIL process of the American company HRI (later a subsidiary of the French company IFP). Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
広義には,有機化合物の分解と水素化が同時に起こる反応をいい,重油の水素化脱硫なども,水素化分解反応を応用したものである.狭義には,石油の重質残油を加圧水素と触媒の存在下にクラッキングし,ガソリン,その他の軽質燃料油を製造する操作をいう.この操作により,重質炭化水素の接触分解と水素化が同時に起こり,イソパラフィン成分の多い飽和性ガソリンを生成する.この水素化分解ガソリンは,オクタン価が高く,センシティビティーが小さい特長をもち,とくにアメリカではその生産が多い.この操作は,また重質残油から良質の灯油,軽油の製造,ナフサから液化石油ガスの製造などにも応用される.触媒としては,アルミナ,シリカ-アルミナ,ゼオライトに担持した硫化ニッケル,硫化タングステン(重質油用)または白金(ナフサ用)などが用いられる.代表的工業プロセスとしては,アメリカのUOP社のユニクラッキング法やアメリカのHRI社(のちにフランスのIFP社の子会社)のH-OIL法などがある. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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