Third-party objection appeal

A suit aimed at preventing a compulsory execution against specific property that was made in violation of the rights of the plaintiff, who is a third party to the execution. Since compulsory execution can only be carried out against the property of the person who is indicated as the debtor in the debt instrument or the execution document attached thereto, if a third party has mistakenly had his/her property executed by compulsory execution against another person, that person may file a third-party objection suit against the creditor of execution against the execution creditor and seek a judgment that the compulsory execution against the said property is not allowed (Civil Execution Law, Article 38, Paragraph 1). The ground for objection in a third-party objection suit is "the right to prevent the ownership or other transfer or delivery of the object" (Civil Execution Law, Article 38, Paragraph 1). This means that the third party asserts that the right that the third party has over the object of the execution has been violated by the compulsory execution and that there is no legal reason for the third party to tolerate such violation. In addition, if the debtor disputes the grounds for objection asserted by the third party, the debtor may also be made a co-defendant (Civil Execution Law, Article 38, Paragraph 2).

[Takeyoshi Uchida]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

当該執行の第三者たる原告の権利を害してなされた、特定財産に対する強制執行の排除を目的とする訴え。強制執行は、債務名義またはこれに付記する執行文に債務者として表示された者の財産に対してのみ実施できるのであるから、それ以外の者に対する強制執行によって、誤って自己の財産について執行を受けた第三者があれば、その者は執行債権者を相手方として、執行の目的物に関する第三者異議の訴えを提起し、当該財産に対する強制執行を許さない旨の判決を求めることができる（民事執行法38条1項）。第三者異議の訴えの異議事由は「目的物について所有権その他目的物の譲渡又は引渡しを妨げる権利」である（同法同条1項）。これは、第三者が、執行の目的物につき有する権利が当該強制執行により侵害され、かつ第三者がこのような侵害を受忍すべき法律上の理由がない旨を主張することを意味するものである。なお、債務者が第三者の主張する異議事由を争うときは、債務者をも共同被告とすることができる（同法同条2項）。

［内田武吉］

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