Contract for the benefit of a third party

Japanese: 第三者のためにする契約 - だいさんしゃのためにするけいやく
Contract for the benefit of a third party

A contract in which one of the contracting parties (the promiser) promises the other party (the contracting party) to assume a debt directly to a third party (the beneficiary) (for example, Party A promises Party B to donate a building to Party C). In this case, the third party's rights arise when the third party expresses their intention to enjoy the benefits of the contract to the promiser (Civil Code, Article 537, Paragraph 2), and they can demand payment directly from the debtor (Civil Code, Article 537, Paragraph 1). However, in special cases such as insurance, postal pensions, and trusts, the law does not require the expression of an intention to receive benefits. After a contract is made for the benefit of a third party and the third party's rights arise, the parties (the promiser, the contracting party) cannot change or extinguish them (Civil Code, Article 538).

[Takahisa Awaji]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

契約当事者の一方(諾約者)が他方当事者(要約者)に、第三者(受益者)に対して直接に債務を負担することを約する契約(たとえば、甲が丙に対して建物を贈与することを乙に約束するなど)。この場合の第三者の権利は、第三者が諾約者に対して契約の利益を享受する意思を表示したときに発生し(民法537条2項)、債務者に対して直接に給付を請求することができる(同条1項)。ただし、保険、郵便年金、信託のような特別の場合には、法律によって受益の意思表示は不要とされている。第三者のためにする契約がなされて、第三者の権利が発生したのちは、当事者(要約者、諾約者)はこれを変更、消滅させることができない(同法538条)。

[淡路剛久]

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