Pharmaceuticals - medicines

Japanese: 医薬品 - いやくひん
Pharmaceuticals - medicines

This refers to drugs used for medical purposes. According to the definition in the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act (formerly the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, Act No. 145 of 1960):
(1) Items included in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia
(2) Products intended for use in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of diseases in humans or animals, other than machinery and instruments, dental materials, medical and sanitary products, programs and recording media on which such programs are recorded (excluding quasi-drugs and regenerative medicine products, etc.)
(3) Products that are intended to affect the structure or function of the human or animal body and are not machines, instruments, etc. (excluding quasi-drugs, cosmetics, and regenerative medicine products, etc.)
The term "quasi-drugs" refers to:
(1) Prevention of nausea or other discomfort, or bad breath or body odor
(2) Preventing heat rash, sores, etc.
(3) Prevention of hair loss, hair growth or hair removal
(4) This refers to items used for the purpose of controlling rats, flies, mosquitoes, fleas, etc. for the health of humans or animals, which have a mild effect on the human body and are not mechanical or instrumental, and items equivalent thereto and designated by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare.

Pharmaceuticals include medical drugs, which are used by doctors or dentists or under their prescription or instructions, over-the-counter drugs (non-prescription drugs) that can be purchased directly from pharmacies or drug stores, through mail order or over the internet without a prescription from a doctor or dentist, and prescription-only drugs, which are purchased at pharmacies or drug stores under the guidance of a pharmacist. Over-the-counter drugs are classified as Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 drugs under the Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Act. Class 1 drugs are sold by pharmacists, and Class 2 and Class 3 drugs are sold by pharmacists or registered distributors.

[Fumiji Koho]

[Reference items] | Over-the-counter drugs | Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Act | Drugs | Pharmaceutical Affairs Act | Pharmacopoeia | Prescription drugs

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

医療に用いる薬品をいう。医薬品医療機器等法(旧、薬事法。昭和35年法律145号)の定義によると
(1)日本薬局方に収められているもの
(2)人または動物の疾病の診断、治療または予防に使用されることが目的とされているものであって、機械器具、歯科材料、医療用品および衛生用品、プログラムおよびこれを記録した記録媒体でないもの(医薬部外品および再生医療等製品を除く)
(3)人または動物の身体の構造または機能に影響を及ぼすことが目的とされているものであって、機械器具等ではないもの(医薬部外品、化粧品および再生医療等製品を除く)
をさしている。なお医薬部外品とは、
(1)吐き気その他の不快感または口臭もしくは体臭の防止
(2)あせも、ただれなどの防止
(3)脱毛の防止、育毛または除毛
(4)人または動物の保健のためにするネズミ、ハエ、カ、ノミなどの防除
の目的に使用されるもののうち、人体に対する作用が緩和なもので、機械器具でないもの、およびこれらに準ずるもので厚生労働大臣の指定するものをいう。

 医薬品には、医師や歯科医師によって使用されるか、またはこれらの者の処方箋(しょほうせん)、もしくは指示によって使用される医療用医薬品と、医師や歯科医師の処方箋なしで、薬局や薬店、通信販売、インターネットで直接購入できる一般用医薬品(大衆薬)、薬局・薬店で薬剤師の指導を受けて購入する要指導医薬品とがある。一般用医薬品は、医薬品医療機器等法により第一類医薬品、第二類医薬品、第三類医薬品に区分されている。第一類医薬品は薬剤師、第二類医薬品および第三類医薬品は薬剤師または登録販売者が販売に従事する。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | 一般用医薬品 | 医薬品医療機器等法 | | 薬事法 | 薬局方 | 要指導医薬品

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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