Body cavity -

Japanese: 体腔 - たいこう
Body cavity -

A space (cavity) between the body wall and various organs such as the digestive tract in an animal's body. It is not found in sponges or coelenterates. The body cavities of other animals are divided into protocoelom and true coelom. When the space between the pocket-like archenteron (endoderm) and the ectoderm that falls after the embryo gastrulates, that is, the blastocoel, becomes a body cavity itself, it is called a protocoelom (primary coelom). Animals that have a protocoelom are called protocoeloms, and include flatworms, nematodes, nematodes, and rotifers. When both the endoderm and ectoderm are lined by the mesoderm (for example, the visceral and body parietal coeloms of a vertebrate embryo), the space surrounded by this mesoderm is called a true coelom (secondary coelom). Animals that have a true body cavity are called eucolophae, and include annelids, arthropods, mollusks, chaetognaths, echinoderms, protochordata, and vertebrates. In protocoelomates, such as nematodes and rotifers, the ectoderm (body wall) is lined with mesoderm, but the endoderm (internal organs) is not, so they are sometimes called pseudocoelomates.

[Shigeo Takeuchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

動物の体内で、消化管などの諸器官と体壁の間にあるすきま(腔所)のこと。海綿動物、腔腸(こうちょう)動物にはみられない。それ以外の動物の体腔は原体腔と真体腔に分けられる。胚(はい)の原腸陥入ののち、ポケット状に落ち込んだ原腸(内胚葉)と外胚葉の間のすきま、つまり胞胚腔がそのまま体腔となっている場合、これを原体腔(一次体腔)とよぶ。原体腔をもつ動物を原体腔動物といい、扁形(へんけい)動物、紐形(ひもがた)動物、線形動物、輪形動物などがこれに属する。内・外両胚葉が中胚葉により裏打ちされる場合(たとえば、脊椎(せきつい)動物胚の内臓葉と体壁葉)、この中胚葉に囲まれたすきまを真体腔(二次体腔)とよぶ。真体腔をもつ動物が真体腔動物であり、環形動物、節足動物、軟体動物、毛顎(もうがく)動物、棘皮(きょくひ)動物、原索動物および脊椎動物はこれに属する。原体腔動物の線形動物、輪形動物では外胚葉(体壁)は中胚葉で裏打ちされているが、内胚葉(内臓)はそうではないため、擬体腔類(偽体腔類)とする場合がある。

[竹内重夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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