Ishikawa Chiyomatsu

Zoologist. Born in Edo, he graduated from the Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo in 1882 (Meiji 15). The following year, in 1883, he became an assistant professor at the same university. He studied in Germany for three years, studying under Weissmann, who is famous for his "germ plasm theory." After returning to Japan, he became an assistant professor at the Faculty of Science of the Imperial University, and then served as a professor at the Faculty of Agriculture of the same university from 1890 to 1924. He conducted a wide range of research, including the reproduction, development, and cytology of many aquatic animals, and the bioluminescence of firefly squid. He also transplanted small ayu from Lake Biwa into the Tama River and demonstrated that they grew in the same way as ordinary ayu, laying the foundation for the transplantation and release of the fish, which is widely carried out today. He was particularly interested in the theory of evolution from a young age, and translated the notes of his university teacher Morse's lectures into "Animals on the Evolution of Nature" (1883), and later published works such as "A New Theory of Evolution" (1891), "The Evolution of Man" and "From Amoeba to Man", working to popularize the theory of evolution and devoting himself to explaining and enlightening biological knowledge through his many writings and lectures. He died of an illness in Taipei while on a business trip there to attend an academic conference.

[Hibiya Kyo]

"The Complete Works of Ishikawa Chiyomatsu, 10 volumes (1935-1936, Kobunsha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

動物学者。江戸に生まれ、1882年（明治15）東京大学理学部動物学科を卒業。翌1883年同大学助教授。ドイツに3年間留学して、「生殖質説」で有名なワイスマンに師事。帰国後は帝国大学理科大学助教授を経て、1890～1924年、同農科大学教授。多くの水産動物の生殖・発生・細胞学、ホタルイカの発光など広範囲にわたる研究を行い、また、琵琶(びわ)湖産のコアユを多摩川に移殖して、普通のアユと同様に成長することを実証し、今日広く行われている同魚の移殖放流事業の基礎を固めた。とくに、若いころから進化論に興味をもち、大学での恩師モースの講義筆記を『動物進化論』として訳出（1883）し、その後『進化新論』（1891）、『人間の進化』、『アメーバから人間まで』などの著作を発表、進化論の普及に努め、あわせて多くの著述、講演により生物学的知識の解説・啓蒙(けいもう)に尽くした。学会出席のため台北へ出張中、同地で病死。

［日比谷京］

『『石川千代松全集』全10巻（1935～1936・興文社）』

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