...However, aircraft carriers have the following advantages: (1) an extremely large operational radius; (2) unlike artillery shells, aircraft attacks are manned by humans and can deliver destructive power precisely to the target, and they can also respond flexibly to the situation, making their operational effectiveness highly reliable; (3) they can exert a large direct influence over inland areas; (4) they can be moved and dispersed compared to land-based air bases, making them less vulnerable to enemy attacks (less vulnerable); and (5) they have a tremendous presence effect as naval power. In fact, the power of aircraft carriers was recognized anew in local conflicts after the war, including the Korean War. Thus, in 1955, the U.S. Navy completed the Forrestal (approximately 60,000 tons), the first super-large aircraft carrier planned after the war. In addition to these conventionally propelled aircraft carriers, in 1961 the U.S. Navy completed the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, the Enterprise (approximately 76,000 tons), and as part of America's strategic plans for the 1960s, it planned to deploy a group of these powerful aircraft carriers to the North Atlantic, Mediterranean and Western Pacific Oceans. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Forrestal" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…しかし空母には,(1)作戦行動半径がきわめて大きいこと,(2)航空機による攻撃は砲弾と異なって人が操縦し,目的地に正確に破壊力を運ぶことができ,また情況に応じて柔軟に対応できるので,作戦効果に信頼性が高いこと,(3)内陸部に対しても直接大きな影響力を行使できること,(4)陸上航空基地に比べて移動,分散配置できるので,敵側の攻撃に対して被害を受けにくい(脆弱性が少ない)こと,(5)海軍力としてのプレゼンス効果が絶大であることなどの優位性があり,また実際に朝鮮戦争をはじめ,戦後の局地紛争において,空母の威力が改めて認識されることになった。かくしてアメリカ海軍は1955年に,戦後の計画としては初めての超大型空母フォレスタルForrestal(約6万トン)を完成させた。この在来型推進方式の空母に加えて,61年にアメリカ海軍は世界最初の原子力推進空母エンタープライズEnterprise(約7万6000トン)を完成し,60年代におけるアメリカの戦略構想の一つとして,これらの強力な空母群を北大西洋,地中海および西太平洋に展開する計画をたてた。… ※「Forrestal」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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