First Empire - Daiichiteisei (English spelling) Premier Empire

Japanese: 第一帝政 - だいいちていせい(英語表記)Premier Empire
First Empire - Daiichiteisei (English spelling) Premier Empire
The government of French Emperor Napoleon I from 1804 to 1814. The government system was established in the "Constitution of the 12th Year of the Republic" in May 1804. The emperor created a military dictatorship as an emergency system to replace the still weak bourgeois class, and attempted to build a modern bourgeois state by using its centralized power to salvage the results of the revolution domestically and to establish military and economic superiority, especially over Britain, abroad. To this end, he made the notable class of landowners, administrative bureaucrats, and military personnel his pillars. First, he enacted a civil code to unify the country's laws and to codify the results of the revolution. He also established the framework of a modern state by establishing central and local bureaucratic administrative organizations and a public education system. However, the principle of popular sovereignty in the revolution was rejected, and he turned to nationalism and waged wars of conquest. On the continent, Napoleon achieved conquest through the Battle of Austerlitz (1805), the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine (06), the Treaty of Tilsit (07), and the Spanish Peninsular War. However, the Continental System of Britain (06) eventually led to the downfall of the First Empire. The immature French economy was unable to maintain this continental system, and the defeat of the Russian Expedition in 1812 triggered wars of liberation in European countries. Napoleon was defeated in the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813, and abdicated in April the following year, being exiled to the island of Elba, bringing an end to the First Empire.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
1804~14年におけるフランス皇帝ナポレオン1世の政治。その政体は 04年5月の「共和暦第十二年憲法」に定められた。帝政は,いまだ弱体なブルジョア階級に代り非常体制としての軍事独裁を創出し,その集権力をもって国内的には革命の成果を救済,対外的には特にイギリスに対する軍事的・経済的優位を確立して,そこに近代ブルジョア国家を構築しようとした。そのために土地資産家である名士層,行政官僚および軍人をその支柱とした。まず,民法典を制定して国内の法的統一を果し革命の成果を法制化した。また,中央,地方の官僚行政機構の整備,公共教育制度の確立など近代国家の骨組みをつくった。しかし革命における国民主権原則は否定され国権主義的ナショナリズムへ向い征服戦争が展開された。大陸ではアウステルリッツの三帝会戦 (1805) ,ライン同盟結成 (06) ,ティルジット条約締結 (07) ,スペイン半島戦争を経過し大陸征服を実現した。しかし,イギリスに対する大陸封鎖令 (06) はやがて第一帝政をくつがえす原因となった。未熟なフランス経済はこの大陸体制を維持することができず,12年ロシア遠征の敗北を契機にヨーロッパ諸国に解放戦争が起り,13年 10月ライプチヒの戦いに敗れたナポレオンは,翌 14年4月退位,エルバ島に流され第一帝政は終った。

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