Bonaventura - Bonaventura (English spelling)

Medieval Italian theologian and philosopher. Born in Baconolia, Tuscany. In 1257, together with Thomas Aquinas, he became the first mendicant to receive the title of Doctor of Theology from the University of Paris. In the same year, he was elected president of the Franciscan order, retired from teaching, and devoted himself to reconciling the conflict between strict and tolerant factions that had existed since the formation of the order. In 1260, he held a general meeting in Narbonne and revised and promulgated the Franciscan Constitution. Ideologically, he sought to synthesize Aristotelian and Arab thought with traditional Augustinism, and warned against the radical Aristotelianism centered on the Faculty of Humanities. He was involved in the preparations for the Council of Lyon in 1274, which aimed to reconcile the Eastern and Western churches, and died in Lyon during the meeting. The guiding principle of his efforts for reconciliation, both practical and theoretical, was Christ, the appeasement and mediator, the source and center of the communion of being, knowledge, and humanity, and the practice of Francis, who aimed to completely imitate Christ. In this sense, he was a person who embodied the spirit of the Franciscan Order in his own way. His main work, "Commentary on the Propositions" written during his time as a professor at the University of Paris, is a scholastic work, and many of his subsequent works, while small, succinctly express his ideological characteristics. "The Journey of the Soul to God" is said to be his masterpiece. While adept at the conceptual and analytical methods of scholasticism, he was a representative of Neoplatonic mysticism and illumination in the heyday of scholasticism, and a symbolist thinker who saw the footprints of God throughout the world based on the Augustinian theory of the image of God and the Dionysian theory of manifestation.

[Fumi Sakaguchi February 17, 2015]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中世イタリアの神学者、哲学者。トスカナ地方バクノリア生まれ。1257年トマス・アクィナスとともに、托鉢(たくはつ)修道会士として初めてパリ大学神学博士の称号を得る。同年フランシスコ会長に選ばれて教授活動からは退き、教団形成当時からの厳格派と寛容派の対立の融和に尽力する。1260年にナルボンヌで総会を開いてフランシスコ会憲章を改訂公布した。思想的にはアリストテレス・アラブ思想と伝統的なアウグスティニズムの総合を図り、人文学部を中心とする急進的アリストテリズムに警告を発する。1274年の東西教会の和解を目ざすリヨン公会議の準備に携わり、会期中リヨンに没した。実践的、理論的両面にわたる融和への努力の指導原理は、宥和(ゆうわ)者であり仲介者であり、存在と知と人間の交わりの源泉であり、中心であるキリストと、その全き倣(まな)びを目ざしたフランチェスコの実践である。この意味で、彼は固有の仕方でフランシスコ教団の精神を具現した人物であった。主著としてパリ大学教授時代の『命題集註解(ちゅうかい)』はスコラ的著作であり、以後のものは小品ながら彼の思想的特色を端的に表すものが多い。『魂の神への道程』は代表作といわれる。スコラの概念的、分析的方法に熟達しつつ、ネオプラトニズム的な神秘主義、照明説の盛期スコラにおける代表者であり、アウグスティヌス的な神の似姿の説やディオニシウス的顕現説に基づき、全世界に神の足跡をみる象徴主義思想家でもある。

［坂口ふみ　2015年2月17日］

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