Thornton, Henry

Japanese: ソーントン（英語表記）Thornton，Henry

Born March 10, 1760 in Hull, Yorkshire
[died] 16 January 1815. Kensington, London. British banker, philanthropist, and one of the leaders of the Clapham faction of the Church of England. Member of Parliament for Southwark from 1782 to 1815. Known in the history of economics for his excellent work on monetary theory, he was one of the central figures in the bullion controversy of the early 19th century, along with D. Ricardo. In his main work, An Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper Credit of Great Britain (1802), he criticized the true bill theory and the return law of banknotes, and made his bullionist position clear. He attached importance to the velocity of money and positively acknowledged the disruptive factors in the issuance of banknotes other than the discretion of the central bank, which greatly stimulated the debate over inflation at the time. In 1810, he became a member of the Bullion Committee of the House of Commons, and in the same year, together with F. Horner and W. Huskisson, he drafted the famous Bullion Report.

Thornton
Thornton, William

Born May 20, 1759, Jost van Dyke, West Indies
[Died] March 28, 1828, Washington, DC, USA
American amateur architect and inventor. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, studied in Paris, and traveled throughout Europe. He lived in Philadelphia from 1788 to 1794, and designed the Library Company Building (1789-1790, destroyed in 1884). In 1793, his dome design won the competition for the design of the U.S. Capitol. In 1794, he became a member of the Washington Capitals Planning Committee, and settled there. As an inventor, he built a paddle boat with J. Fitch.

Thornton
Thornton, Matthew

[Born] 1714?
[Died] 1803
American physician and politician. A patriot during the American Revolution and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He traveled to the New World from Ireland as a boy. He practiced medicine in New Hampshire from 1740 onwards. He was a promoter of the independence movement before the revolution. He was elected to the Continental Congress in 1776.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1760.3.10. ヨークシャー，ハル
[没]1815.1.16. ロンドン，ケンジントン
イギリスの銀行家，慈善事業家，またイギリス国教会クラパム派の指導者の一人。 1782～1815年サザーク選出下院議員。経済学史上，すぐれた金融理論の業績で知られ，D.リカードらとともに 19世紀初頭の地金論争における中心人物の一人。主著『紙券信用論』 An Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper Credit of Great Britain (1802) で，銀行券の真正手形理論と還流法則とを批判し，地金主義者としての立場を明らかにした。貨幣の流通速度に重要性を付与し，中央銀行の裁量以外にも銀行券発行量における攪乱要因を積極的に認めたことは，当時のインフレーションをめぐる論争に大きな刺激を与えた。 1810年に下院の「地金委員会」の委員となり，同年 F.ホーナー，W.ハスキソンとともに有名な『地金報告』を起草した。

ソーントン
Thornton， William

[生]1759.5.20. 西インド諸島，ヨストファンダイク島
[没]1828.3.28. アメリカ，ワシントンD.C.
アメリカのアマチュア建築家，発明家。エディンバラ大学で医学を修め，パリに学び，ヨーロッパ各地を旅行。 1788～94年フィラデルフィアに住み，ライブラリー・カンパニー・ビルディングを設計 (1789～90，1884破壊) 。 93年，アメリカ国会議事堂設計競技で彼のドーム案が優勝。 94年ワシントン首都計画の委員となり，以後同地に定住。発明家としては，J.フィッチとともに外車船を造った。