Italian politician and baron. After serving as a diplomat in various countries, he turned to studying social issues, and together with his friend L. Franchetti published an agricultural survey of Tuscany and Sicily (1875-1876), and founded the weekly critical journal La Segna Settimanale (1878), which aimed for moderate reform of social issues, including the Southern Problem. He then joined the Chamber of Deputies, and served as Undersecretary of the Treasury and Minister of Finance (1893-1894, 1894-1896) under the Crispi government. At the end of the century, under pressure from both the left and right mass movements of socialism and Catholicism, he advocated strengthening the executive power of the state as the head of the center-right (conservative liberalism), but at the beginning of the 20th century, he founded the influential Rome daily newspaper Giornale d'Italia and took an anti-Giolitti stance, and served as Prime Minister twice (1906, 1909-1910). At the outbreak of World War I, he was leaning towards maintaining the Triple Alliance, but when he was appointed Foreign Minister in the Salandra government (November 1914), he became a government party involved in Italy's entry into the war on the side of the Entente powers. He remained in this position until 1919, and participated in the Paris Peace Conference. He was Italy's first Protestant Prime Minister, and a lifelong bachelor and academic. [Yasuro Shigeoka] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの政治家、男爵。外交官として諸外国に駐在したのち、社会問題の研究に転じ、友人のL・フランケッティとともにトスカナとシチリアについての農業調査を発表(1875~1876)、また南部問題を含む社会問題に対する穏和な改革を目ざした週刊評論誌『ラッセーニャ・セッティマナーレ』を創刊(1878)。その後下院に入り、クリスピ政府の下で大蔵次官、財務相(1893~1894、1894~1896)を務めた。社会主義とカトリックという左右の大衆運動の圧力による世紀末の危機に際しては、中道右派(保守的自由主義)の頭脳として国家の執行権の強化を提唱したが、20世紀に入るとローマの有力日刊紙『ジョルナーレ・ディタリア』を創立して反ジョリッティの論陣を張り、二度首相の地位についた(1906、1909~1910)。第一次世界大戦勃発(ぼっぱつ)時には三国同盟維持に傾いていたが、サランドラ政府の外相に迎えられる(1914.11)と協商国側にたつイタリア参戦の政府当事者になった。大戦中から1919年まで外相の地位にとどまり、パリ平和会議にも参加。イタリア最初のプロテスタント首相であり、終生独身の学究であった。 [重岡保郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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