Rank - Ishi

Japanese: 位子 - いし

This is a legal term used in the Nara and Heian periods. Although this term does not appear directly in the Ritsuryo Code, it is found in the Shoku Nihongi and on wooden tablets excavated from the Heijo Palace. It means the child of a person who holds a rank lower than the sixth rank and higher than the eighth rank. Among these, only legitimate children are granted special privileges under the Ritsuryo Code, and according to the Yoro Gunbo-Ryo, the legitimate children among the ranked children are inspected by the government office of Kyoto Province when they reach the age of 21, and are divided into three classes: upper, middle, and lower, with the upper class being appointed as Daitonari, the middle class as Hyoe, and the lower class as Shibu. In other words, unlike the descendants of the hidden descendants, they are not immediately granted a rank, but are given official positions that can be granted a rank as they continue to work. Therefore, like the hidden descendants, this class was also able to inherit a rank, roughly reaching the rank of their parents if they worked for a lifetime.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

奈良，平安時代に使用された法律用語で，律令にはこの用語は直接みえないが，『続日本紀』や平城宮出土木簡にはこの語が記されている。内六位以下八位以上の位階を有する者の子を意味する。このうち，律令法上特権を認められるのは，原則として嫡子に限られ，養老軍防令によれば，位子中の嫡子は，年 21に達すれば，京国の官司の勘検を受け，上中下の3等に分たれ，上等は大舎人，中等は兵衛，下等は使部に任用されることになっている。すなわち，彼らには蔭子孫のごとく，ただちに位階は授けられないが，勤務の継続によって，位階を与えられる官職が給せられる。したがって，蔭子と同様に，この階層にもまた一生勤務すれば，だいたい親の位階に達するという位階の相続が事実上可能とされていたわけである。

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